List of governors and rulers of the Regency of Algiers

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This is a list of the Beylerbeys, Pashas and Deys of the Regency of Algiers:

Beylerbeys (1517-1576)

Pashas (1577-1659)

  • Hassan III 1577-1588
  • Hızır Pasha 1588-1591
  • Hadji Shaban Pasha 1591-1593
  • Mustapha Pasha 1593-1594
  • Kader Pasha (second time) 1594-1595
  • Mustapha II Pasha 1596-1599
  • Daly Hassan Pasha 1599-1601
  • Somiman Pasha 1601-1603
  • Muhammad II the eunuch 1605-1607
  • Mustapha III Pasha 1607
  • Redwan Pasha 1607-1610
  • Kussa Mustapha 1610-1614
  • Hasan IV 1614-1616
  • Mustapha IV Pasha 1616-1619
  • Kassan Kaid Kussa 1619-1621
  • Kader Pasha 1621-1626
  • Hassan Khodja 1626-1634
  • Yusuf II 1634-1645
  • Mahmud Brusali Pasha 1645-1647
  • Yusef Pasha 1647-1650
  • Mehmed Pasha 1650-1653
  • Ahmed Pasha (first period of rule) 1653-1655
  • Ibrahim Pasha (first period) 1655-1656
  • Ahmed Pasha (second period) 1656-1657
  • Ibrahim Pasha (second period) 1657-1659
  • Ahmed Pasha (third period) 1658-1659

Aghas (1659-1671)

  • 1659-1660: Khalil Agha
  • 1660-1661: Ramadan Agha
  • 1661-1665: Chabane Agha
  • 1665-1671: Ali Agha

Deys of the Deylik of Algiers

No. Portrait Name Date of rule Origins Other titles Notes, faits marquants
1 Mohamed Trik 1671 1682 Dutch[1] Doulateli[2] The first dey of Algiers. He reduced Ottoman authority to a ceremonial role, and ousted the Janissary aghas with the help of the Raises.[3]
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2 Baba Hassan 1682 1683 Unknown Doulateli He kept the independence of Algiers under his rule. He declared war on the Kingdom of France, provoking the Djidjelli expedition, and the first and second bombardments of Algiers. He was forced to accept a peace treaty imposed by the Ottomans, which also replaced him with Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha.
-
3
Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha 1683 1688 Spanish[4] Doulateli After ousting Baba Hassan he declared war on France again. He was the one to fight off the aforementioned bombardments and expeditions. Unlike Trik or Hassan, he was only quasi-independent. In 1687 the Ottomans attempted to restore total control over Algeria by sending Ismael Pasha to disembark in Algiers, But Mezzomorto refused to let him. He was ousted in 1688 by a native revolt. He was appointed admiral of the Ottoman Empire after fleeing to Tunis.
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4 Hadj Ahmed Chabane 1688 1695 Turkish[5] Doulateli He went to Versailles to improve relations with France. He successfully made Tunis an Algerian tributary, but he was strangled to death by the Janissary militia. He was instated by an anti-ottoman native revolt, so he may have been a native himself, but this is not specified.
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5 Hadj Ahmed 1695 1698 Unknown Doulateli Despite the fact that he wasn't elected by the Janissaries he catered to them heavily as to keep his power. He got murdered after a disagreement with the Janissaries.[6]
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6 Hadj Hassen Chaouch 1699 1700 Unknown Doulateli He was forced to resign after a severe defeat in a war with Tunisia
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7 Hadj Moustapha 1700 1705 Unknown Doulateli He achieved a decisive victory over Tunisian forces near Skikda, and he stopped an offensive by Ismail Ibn Sharif near the Muluya river. He failed to capture Tunis in 1705, and retreated but was caught and killed by his janissaries near Collo.
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8 Hussein Khodja 1705 1707 Unknown Doulateli His reign is marked with financial problems
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9 Mohamed Bektach 1707 1710 Arab Doulateli Started his rule by achieving a first retaking of Oran in 1707, He was assassinated by the Janissaries due to payment delays.
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10 Dely Ibrahim Dey 1710 1710 Unknown Doulateli He was assassinated after only 5 months of ruling.
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11 Baba Ali Chaouche 1710 1718 Turkish Doulateli Pasha He eliminated more than a thousand Janissaries. He refused to accept the Pasha sent from the Sublime Porte, marking his independence. He also reformed the diwan, which from then on elected the Deys of Algiers.
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12 Mohamed Ben Hassen 1718 1724 Egyptian[7] Doulateli Pasha He encountered internal difficulties especially with the tribes and the corsairs. He continued his predecessor's policy on independence, refusing to accept Ottoman orders on external policy. He was killed by the corsairs, during a revolt of the latter, who accused him of favoring the janissaries.[8]
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13 Baba Abdi (also known as Curd Abdi) 1724 1732 Unknown Doulateli Pasha He was a great defender of the interests of the corsairs and their activity. He maintained the firmness of his predecessors regarding the Ottoman Empire, refusing to let in the Pasha appointed by the Sublime Porte.[8]
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15 Baba Ibrahim Dey 1732 1745 Unknown Doulateli Pasha He failed to retake Oran from the Spanish, but he also made Tunis a tributary.
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16 Ibrahim Kouchouk [ar; fr; uk] 1745 1748 Unknown Doulateli Pasha His reign was marked by multiple revolts
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17 Mohamed Ibn Bekir [ar; fr; uk] 1748 1754 Unknown Doulateli Pasha He also had to face multiple revolts. He issued an edict, limiting the power of the Janissaries (Ahad Aman)
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18 Baba Ali Bou Sebâa [ar; fr; uk] 1754 1766 Unknown Doulateli Pasha Thanks to the edict issued by his predecessor he had to face 2 revolts by the Janissaries, one near Tlemcen, while the other in Constantine.[8]
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19 Muhammad V ben Othman 1766 1791 Turkish[9] Doulateli Pasha He had a relatively long reign. He was competent, pious and austere, which manifested throughout his reign. He hunted the ships of nations which refused to pay tribute, He defeated Denmark in 1772, and Spain in 1785. He also faced several rebellion in the Constantine region, where he appointed an energetic governor called Salah Bey.[8]
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20 Sidi Hassan [ar; fr; uk] 1791 1798 Turkish[10] Doulateli Pasha He was the uncle of the last dey of Algiers Hussain Pasha, and held several ministerial positions before being elected Dey. He retook Oran from Spain in 1792. Ruler during the American-Algerian War.
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21 Mustapha [ar; fr; uk] 1798 1805 Turkish[10] Doulateli Pasha He was the grandson of dey Muhammad ben Othman and was known for being close to Jewish merchants. Due to failed harvests, famine and political turmoil ensued. The Darqawa revolt sparked during his reign. He was killed by the Janissaries in 1805.
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22 Ahmed bin Ali Khodja 1805 1808 Turkish Doulateli Pasha
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23 Ali III ben Mohamed 1808 1809 Unknown Doulateli Pasha
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24
Hadj Ali Dey 1809 1815 Arab[11] Doulateli Pasha His rule was marked by authoritarianism and cruelty. The Bey of Oran revolted against him and marched until Miliana, but the Cheikhs in his army betrayed him, and as such he failed to overthrow Hadj Ali. The Bey of Titteri got decisively defeated by the tribes of the Sahara under his rule, and the Deylik failed to impose any control over the Sahara for the next few years. His rule was also marked by several revolts in Kabylia, the Tlemcen region, and the Aurès Mountains. He was assassinated while bathing.
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25 Hadj Mohamed 1815 1815 Unknown Doulateli Pasha He noticed the corruption of the Janissaries which thrived under his predecessor, and he tried to stop it, but he was assassinated instead.
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26 Omar Agha sitting on a couch.png Omar Agha 1815 1817 Greek Doulateli Pasha
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27 Ali Khodja 1817 1818 Mingrelian Doulateli Pasha
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28 Hussein Dey 1818 1830 Turkish Doulateli Pasha The last Dey of Algiers, his rule, and the Deylik of Algiers ended with the Invasion of Algiers in 1830.
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Unofficial Deys after 1830
Mustapha Boumezrag 1830 1830 Unknown Once the Bey of Titteri (governor of the southern provinces), following the fall of Algiers he declared himself the new Dey of Algiers and began a campaign of resistance against the French army, until his capital was captured and he was forced to capitulate during the Médéa expedition.[12]
Hadj Ahmed Bey 1833 1848 3/4 Algerian, 1/4 Turkish Once the Bey of Constantine, he fought the French starting in 1830, and declared himself Dey of Algeria in 1833. After defeating a large french attack in 1836, his capital was captured in 1837, after which he retreated into the Aures and the Sahara from where he waged guerilla warfare, until he surrendered in 1848.[13][14]

Timeline

See also

Sources

  • Kaddache, Mahfoud (2011). L'Algérie des Algériens. ISBN 978-9961-9662-1-1.

References

  1. ^ Merouche, Lemnouar (2002). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane: La course, mythes et réalités (in French). Bouchene. pp. 202–204. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9.
  2. ^ Revue de L'Occident Musulman Et de la Méditerranée (in French). Association pour l'étude des sciences humaines en Afrique du Nord. 1973. p. 169.
  3. ^ Kaddache 2011, p. 415-416.
  4. ^ Imber, Colin (2010-05-01). "Daniel Panzac, La marine ottomane: de l'apogée à la chute de l'empire". Turkish Historical Review. 1 (1): 123–124. doi:10.1163/187754610x495021. ISSN 1877-5454.
  5. ^ Memoires Dela Congregation Dela Mission (in French). 1864. p. 474.
  6. ^ Gaïd, Mouloud (1975). L'Algérie sous les Turcs (in French). Maison tunisienne de l'édition.
  7. ^ J. Morgan (1750). A Compleat History of the Piratical States of Barbary: Viz. Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli and Morocco. Containing the Origin, Revolutions, and Present State of These Kingdoms, Their Forces, Revenues, Policy, and Commerce. Illustrated with a Plan of Algiers, and a Map of Barbary. R. Griffiths. p. 182.
  8. ^ a b c d Kaddache 2011, p. 436.
  9. ^ Clercq, Maurice Le (1888). Le tombeau des cinq deys d'Alger: légende algérienne (in French). Imp. Daix.
  10. ^ a b Pacha 2024, p. 52.
  11. ^ Pacha, Ali Amri (2024). La Régence d'Alger : histoire politique d'un État nord-africain (1516 – 1871) (in French). Héritage. p. 56. ISBN 978-2-38554-074-6.
  12. ^ Khawājah, Hạmdān ibn ʻUthmān (1833). Aperçu historique et statistique sur la régence d'Alger: intitulé en arabe Le miroir ... (in French).
  13. ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987-08-20). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0.
  14. ^ Biro, Yaelle; Etienne, Noemie (2021-12-20). Rhapsodic Objects: Art, Agency, and Materiality (1700–2000). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-075766-8.
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