List of economic crises

This is a list of economic crises and depressions.

1st century

Financial crisis of 33

The result of the mass issuance of unsecured loans by main Roman banking houses.^[1]

3rd century

Crisis of the Third Century

7th century

Coin exchange crisis of 692. Byzantine emperor Justinian II refuses to accept tribute from the Umayyad Caliphate with new Arab gold coins for fear of exposing double counting in the Byzantine financial system (actual weight less, than nominal quantity), which leads to the Battle of Sebastopolis and the revolt of taxpayers who burned financial officials in a copper bull. Justinian II was tortured by cutting off his nose in front of spectators at the Hippodrome. Twenty Years' Anarchy begins.

14th century

14th century banking crisis (the crash of the Peruzzi and the Bardi family Compagnia dei Bardi in 1345).

17th century

Kipper und Wipper (1618–22) financial crisis at the start of the Thirty Years' War
Tulip mania (1637) an economic bubble that burst, hurting the economy of the Dutch Republic
The General Crisis (1640) Arguably the largest worldwide crisis in history^[opinion]

18th century

Great Tobacco Depression (1703) (British America)^[2]
South Sea Bubble (1720) (UK)
Mississippi Company (1720) (France)
Crisis of 1763 – started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Leendert Pieter de Neufville and Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, spread to Germany and Scandinavia
Great East Indian Bengal Bubble Crash (1769) (India) Crash started by the rapid overvaluation of the East India Company.
Crisis of 1772 – started in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers Neal, James, Fordyce, and Down.
War of American Independence Financing Crisis (1776) (United States) – The French monarchy went deeply into debt to finance its 1.4 billion livre support for the colonial rebels; Spain invested 700 million reales.^[2]
Panic of 1785 – United States
Panic of 1792 – United States
Panic of 1796–1797 – Britain and United States

19th century

Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
Post-Napoleonic Depression (post-1815) (England)
Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle
Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England
Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression
Panic of 1847, started as a collapse of British financial markets associated with the end of the 1840s railway industry boom
Panic of 1857, a U.S. recession with bank failures
Panic of 1866, was an international financial downturn that accompanied the failure of Overend, Gurney and Company in London
Great depression of British agriculture (1873–1896)
Long Depression (1873–1896)
- Panic of 1873, a US recession with bank failures, followed by a four-year depression
- Panic of 1884
- Panic of 1890
- Panic of 1893, a US recession with bank failures
- Australian banking crisis of 1893
- Panic of 1896

20th century

1900s

Panic of 1901, a U.S. economic recession that started with a fight for financial control of the Northern Pacific Railway
Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures

1920s

Depression of 1920–1921, a U.S. economic recession following the end of WW1.
Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Great Depression (1929–1939) the worst depression of modern history

1970s

1970s energy crisis
- OPEC oil price shock (1973)
- Energy crisis (1979)
Secondary banking crisis (1973-1975) in the UK
Latin American debt crisis (late 1970s to early 1980s), the "lost decade"

1980s

Early 1980s Recession
Chilean crisis of 1982
1983 Israel bank stock crisis
Japanese asset price bubble (1986–1992)
Black Monday (1987) US stock market crash
Savings and loan crisis (1986-1995) failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 S&L banks in the U.S.

1990s

21st century

References

^ "Tiberius Used Quantitative Easing To Solve The Financial Crisis of 33 AD". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ a b "100 Most Important American Financial Crises". Retrieved 9 December 2014.

Galbraith, J. K. (1990), A Short History of Financial Euphoria, New York: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-670-85028-4

[1] "Tiberius Used Quantitative Easing To Solve The Financial Crisis of 33 AD". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[:0-2] "100 Most Important American Financial Crises". Retrieved 9 December 2014.

v t e Financial crises
Banking panic Commodity price shocks Credit crunch Credit cycle Currency crisis Debt crisis Energy crisis Financial contagion Social contagion Flash crash Hyperinflation Liquidity crisis Accounting Capital Funding Market Minsky moment Social crisis Stock market crash
Pre-1000	Crisis of the Third Century (235–284 CE)
Commercial Revolution (1000–1760)	Great Bullion Famine (c. 1400–c. 1500) The Great Debasement (1544–1551) Dutch Republic stock market crashes (c. 1600–1760) Kipper und Wipper (1621–1623) Tulip mania crash (1637) South Sea bubble crash (1720) Mississippi bubble crash (1720)
1st Industrial Revolution (1760–1840)	Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763 Bengal bubble crash (1769–1784) British credit crisis of 1772–1773 Dutch Republic financial collapse (c. 1780–1795) Panic of 1785 Copper Panic of 1789 Panic of 1792 Panic of 1796–1797 Danish state bankruptcy of 1813 Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks (1815–1816) Panic of 1819 Panic of 1825 Panic of 1837
1840–1870	European Potato Failure (1845–1856) Great Irish Famine Highland Potato Famine Panic of 1847 Panic of 1857 Panic of 1866 Black Friday (1869)
2nd Industrial Revolution (1870–1914)	Panic of 1873 Paris Bourse crash of 1882 Panic of 1884 Arendal crash (1886) Baring crisis (1890) Encilhamento (1890–1893) Panic of 1893 Australian banking crisis of 1893 Black Monday (1894) Panic of 1896 Panic of 1901 Panic of 1907 Shanghai rubber stock market crisis (1910) Panic of 1910–1911 Financial crisis of 1914
Interwar period (1918–1939)	Early Soviet hyperinflation (1917–1924) Weimar Republic hyperinflation (1921–1923) Shōwa financial crisis (1927) Wall Street Crash of 1929 Panic of 1930
Post–WWII expansion (1945–1973)	Kennedy Slide of 1962 1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
Great Inflation (1973–1982)	1970s energy crisis (1973–1980) 1973 oil crisis 1973–1974 stock market crash Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975 Steel crisis (1973–1982) Latin American debt crisis (1975–1982) 1976 British currency crisis 1979 oil crisis Brazilian hyperinflation (1980–1982)
Great Moderation/ Great Regression (1982–2007)	Brazilian hyperinflation (1982–1994) Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash (1982) Chilean crisis of 1982 1983 Israel bank stock crisis Black Saturday (1983) Savings and loan crisis (1986–1995) Black Monday (1987) 1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis Japanese asset price bubble crash (1990–1992) Rhode Island banking crisis (1990–1992) 1991 Indian economic crisis 1990s Swedish financial crisis 1990s Finnish banking crisis 1990s Armenian energy crisis Cuban Special Period (1991–2000) Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis) Yugoslav hyperinflation (1992–1994) 1994 bond market crisis Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994 Mexican peso crisis (1994–1996) 1997 Asian financial crisis October 1997 mini-crash 1998 Russian financial crisis 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis 1998–2002 Argentine great depression Samba effect (1999) Dot-com bubble crash (2000–2004) 9/11 stock market crash (2001) 2001 Turkish economic crisis South American economic crisis of 2002 Stock market downturn of 2002 2002 Uruguay banking crisis 2003 Myanmar banking crisis 2000s energy crisis (2003–2008) 2004 Argentine energy crisis 2007 Chinese stock bubble crash Zimbabwean hyperinflation (2007–present)
Great Recession (2007–2009)	2007–2008 financial crisis September 2008 October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 2009 Subprime mortgage crisis 2000s U.S. housing market correction U.S. bear market of 2007–2009 2008 Latvian financial crisis 2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis 2008–2009 Russian financial crisis 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis 2008–2011 Irish banking crisis 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis Blue Monday Crash 2009 European debt crisis Greek government-debt crisis
Digital Revolution (2009–present)	2009 Dubai debt standstill Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis Energy crisis in Venezuela (2010–present) Syrian economic crisis (2011–present) August 2011 stock markets fall 2011 Bangladesh share market scam 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis 2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis Venezuela economic crisis (2013–present) 2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis Puerto Rican government-debt crisis (2014–2022) Russian financial crisis (2014–2016) 2015 Nepal blockade 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence 2015–2016 stock market selloff Brexit stock market crash (2016) Venezuelan hyperinflation (2016–2022) 2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis Ghana banking crisis (2017–2018) Turkish economic crisis (2018–present) Lebanese liquidity crisis (2019–present) Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present) COVID-19 pandemic Financial market impact 2020 stock market crash Recession Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present) 2021–2023 inflation 2022 Russian financial crisis 2022 stock market decline 2023 United States banking crisis
List of banking crises List of economic crises List of sovereign debt crises List of stock market crashes and bear markets