List of Myrtales of South Africa

Myrtales is an order of flowering plants placed within the eurosids by the APG III system of classification for angiosperms. This finding is corroborated by the placement of the Myrtales in the Malvid clade by the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative.[1] The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]

Ten families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Combretaceae

Family: Combretaceae,[5]

Combretum

Genus Combretum:[5]

  • Combretum apiculatum Sond. indigenous
    • Combretum apiculatum Sond. subsp. apiculatum, indigenous
  • Combretum bracteosum (Hochst.) Engl. & Diels, endemic
  • Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, endemic
  • Combretum celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. orientale Exell, accepted as Combretum celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. celastroides, indigenous
  • Combretum collinum Fresen. indigenous
    • Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. gazense (Swynn. & Baker f.) Okafor, indigenous
    • Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. suluense (Engl. & Diels) Okafor, indigenous
    • Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. taborense (Engl.) Okafor, indigenous
  • Combretum edwardsii Exell, endemic
  • Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond. indigenous
  • Combretum hereroense Schinz, indigenous
    • Combretum hereroense Schinz subsp. hereroense, indigenous
  • Combretum imberbe Wawra, indigenous
  • Combretum kraussii Hochst. indigenous
  • Combretum microphyllum Klotzsch, indigenous
  • Combretum mkuzense J.D.Carr & Retief, endemic
  • Combretum moggii Exell, endemic
  • Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don, indigenous
  • Combretum mossambicense (Klotzsch) Engl. indigenous
  • Combretum nelsonii Dummer, endemic
  • Combretum padoides Engl. & Diels, indigenous
  • Combretum petrophilum Retief, endemic
  • Combretum stylesii O.Maurin, Jordaan & A.E.van Wyk, indigenous
  • Combretum tenuipes Engl. & Diels, endemic
  • Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk, endemic
    • Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk var. glabratum N.Hahn, endemic
    • Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk var. vendae, endemic
  • Combretum woodii Dummer, indigenous
  • Combretum zeyheri Sond. indigenous

Lumnitzera

Genus Lumnitzera:[5]

Pteleopsis

Genus Pteleopsis:[5]

Quisqualis

Genus Quisqualis:[5]

  • Quisqualis parviflora Gerrard ex Sond. endemic

Terminalia

Genus Terminalia:[5]

  • Terminalia brachystemma Welw. ex Hiern, indigenous
    • Terminalia brachystemma Welw. ex Hiern subsp. brachystemma, indigenous
  • Terminalia phanerophlebia Engl. & Diels, indigenous
  • Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson, indigenous
  • Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. indigenous

Heteropyxidaceae

Family: Heteropyxidaceae,[5]

Heteropyxis

Genus Heteropyxis:[5]

  • Heteropyxis canescens Oliv. indigenous
  • Heteropyxis dehniae Suess. indigenous
  • Heteropyxis natalensis Harv. indigenous

Lythraceae

Family: Lythraceae,[5]

Ammannia

Genus Ammannia:[5]

  • Ammannia auriculata Willd. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Ammannia auriculata Willd. var. auriculata, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Ammannia baccifera L. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Ammannia baccifera L. subsp. baccifera, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Ammannia prieuriana Guill. & Perr. indigenous
  • Ammannia pusilla Sond. accepted as Ammannia prieuriana Guill. & Perr. present
  • Ammannia senegalensis Lam. indigenous

Cuphea

Genus Cuphea:[5]

  • Cuphea ignea A.DC. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Cuphea micropetala Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Galpinia

Genus Galpinia:[5]

Heimia

Genus Heimia:[5]

  • Heimia myrtifolia Cham. & Schltdl. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Heimia salicifolia (Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth) Link & Otto, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Lagerstroemia

Genus Lagerstroemia:[5]

Lythrum

Genus Lythrum:[5]

Nesaea

Genus Nesaea:[5]

  • Nesaea alata Immelman, indigenous
  • Nesaea anagalloides (Sond.) Koehne, indigenous
  • Nesaea cordata Hiern, indigenous
  • Nesaea crassicaulis (Guill. & Perr.) Koehne, indigenous
  • Nesaea cymosa Immelman, indigenous
  • Nesaea dinteri Koehne, indigenous
  • Nesaea dinteri Koehne subsp. elata A.Fern. indigenous
  • Nesaea drummondii A.Fern. indigenous
  • Nesaea heptamera Hiern, indigenous
  • Nesaea passerinoides (Welw. ex Hiern) Koehne, indigenous
  • Nesaea radicans Guill. & Perr. indigenous
  • Nesaea radicans Guill. & Perr. var. floribunda (Sond.) A.Fern. indigenous
  • Nesaea rigidula (Sond.) Koehne, indigenous
  • Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne, indigenous
    • Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. ericiformis Koehne forma ericiformis, endemic
    • Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. ericiformis Koehne forma swaziensis, indigenous
    • Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. sagittifolia, indigenous
  • Nesaea schinzii Koehne, indigenous
  • Nesaea schlechteri A.Fern. indigenous
  • Nesaea tolypobotrys Koehne, endemic
  • Nesaea wardii Immelman, endemic
  • Nesaea woodii Koehne, endemic
  • Nesaea zambatidis Immelman, indigenous

Punica

Genus Punica:[5]

Rotala

Genus Rotala:[5]

  • Rotala capensis (Harv.) A.Fern. & Diniz, indigenous
  • Rotala filiformis (Bellardi) Hiern, indigenous
  • Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schltdl. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Rotala tenella (Guill. & Perr.) Hiern, indigenous

Trapa

Genus Trapa:[5]

  • Trapa natans L. indigenous
    • Trapa natans L. var. pumila Nakano ex Verdc. indigenous

Melastomataceae

Family: Melastomataceae,[5]

Antherotoma

Genus Antherotoma:[5]

  • Antherotoma debilis (Sond.) Jacq.-Fel. indigenous
  • Antherotoma naudinii Hook.f. indigenous
  • Antherotoma phaeotricha (Hochst.) Jacq.-Fel. indigenous

Dissotis

Genus Dissotis:[5]

  • Dissotis canescens (E.Mey. ex R.A.Graham) Hook.f. indigenous
  • Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana, accepted as Antherotoma debilis (Sond.) Jacq.-Fel. present
    • Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. lanceolata (Cogn.) A.Fern. & R.Fern. accepted as Antherotoma debilis (Sond.) Jacq.-Fel.
  • Dissotis phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. accepted as Antherotoma phaeotricha (Hochst.) Jacq.-Fel. present
  • Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana, indigenous
    • Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana var. candolleana (Cogn.) A.Fern. & R.Fern. indigenous
    • Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana var. princeps, indigenous

Heterocentron

Genus Heterocentron:[5]

  • Heterocentron macrostachyum Naudin, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link & Otto) A.Braun & C.D.Bouche, not indigenous, naturalised

Melastoma

Genus Melastoma:[5]

Pleroma

Genus Pleroma:

  • Pleroma granulosum (Desr.) D.Don (syn. Tibouchina granulosa) not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Pleroma urvilleanum (DC.) P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang. (syn. Tibouchina urvilleana) not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Memecylaceae

Family: Memecylaceae,[5]

Memecylon

Genus Memecylon:[5]

  • Memecylon bachmannii Engl. endemic
  • Memecylon natalense Markgr. endemic
  • Memecylon sousae A.Fern. & R.Fern. accepted as Warneckea sousae (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) A.E.van Wyk, present

Warneckea

Genus Warneckea:[5]

  • Warneckea parvifolia R.D.Stone & Ntetha, endemic
  • Warneckea sousae (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) A.E.van Wyk, indigenous

Myrtaceae

Family: Myrtaceae,[5]

Agonis

Genus Agonis:[5]

Baeckea

Genus Baeckea:[5]

  • Baeckea africana Burm.f. accepted as Brunia africana (Burm.f.) Class.-Bockh. & E.G.H.Oliv. endemic
  • Baeckea cordata Burm.f. accepted as Brunia cordata (Burm.f.) Class.-Bockh. & E.G.H.Oliv. indigenous

Callistemon

Genus Callistemon:[5]

Calothamnus

Genus Calothamnus:[5]

Corymbia

Genus Corymbia:[5]

  • Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Corymbia ficifolia (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Eucalyptus

Genus Eucalyptus:[5]

Eugenia

Genus Eugenia:[5]

  • Eugenia albanensis Sond. endemic
  • Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. indigenous
    • Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. a, indigenous
    • Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. capensis, indigenous
    • Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. gueinzii (Sond.) F.White, endemic
  • Eugenia erythrophylla Strey, endemic
  • Eugenia gueinzii Sond. accepted as Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. gueinzii (Sond.) F.White, present
  • Eugenia mossambicensis Engl. accepted as Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. a, present
  • Eugenia natalitia Sond. indigenous
  • Eugenia pusilla N.E.Br. endemic
  • Eugenia simii Dummer, endemic
  • Eugenia umtamvunensis A.E.van Wyk, endemic
  • Eugenia uniflora L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Eugenia verdoorniae A.E.van Wyk, endemic
  • Eugenia woodii Dummer, indigenous
  • Eugenia zeyheri (Harv.) Harv. endemic
  • Eugenia zuluensis Dummer, endemic

Leptospermum

Genus Leptospermum:[5]

Melaleuca

Genus Melaleuca:[5]

  • Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
    • Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm. subsp. armillaris, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca cruenta Craven & R.D.Edwards, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Melaleuca diosmifolia Andrews, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Melaleuca elliptica Labill. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Melaleuca hypericifolia Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca linearis Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. var. linearis, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca nesophila F.Muell. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Melaleuca parvistaminea Byrnes, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca peucophylla Craven & R.D.Edwards, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Melaleuca quadrifida (R.Br.) Craven & R.D.Edwards subsp. quadrifida, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca rugulosa (Schltdl. ex Link) Craven, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Melaleuca salicina Craven, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Melaleuca subulata (Cheel) Craven, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Byrnes subsp. viminalis, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Metrosideros

Genus Metrosideros:[5]

Myrtus

Genus Myrtus:[5]

Psidium

Genus Psidium:[5]

Syncarpia

Genus Syncarpia:[5]

Syzygium

Genus Syzygium:[5]

  • Syzygium australe (J.C.Wendl. ex Link) B.Hyland, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex C.Krauss, indigenous
    • Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex C.Krauss subsp. cordatum, indigenous
  • Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Syzygium gerrardii (Harv. ex Hook.f.) Burtt Davy, indigenous
  • Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. indigenous
    • Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. barotsense F.White, indigenous
    • Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. guineense, indigenous
  • Syzygium intermedium Engl. & Brehmer, indigenous
  • Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Syzygium legatii Burtt Davy & Greenway, endemic
  • Syzygium pondoense Engl. endemic

Oliniaceae

Family: Oliniaceae,[5]

Cremastostemon

Genus Cremastostemon:[5]

  • Cremastostemon capensis Jacq. accepted as Olinia capensis (Jacq.) Klotzsch, indigenous

Olinia

Genus Olinia:[5]

  • Olinia acuminata Klotzsch, accepted as Olinia capensis (Jacq.) Klotzsch, indigenous
  • Olinia capensis (Jacq.) Klotzsch, endemic
  • Olinia cymosa (L.f.) Thunb. accepted as Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. indigenous
    • Olinia cymosa (L.f.) Thunb. var. acuminata (Klotzsch) Sond. accepted as Olinia capensis (Jacq.) Klotzsch, indigenous
  • Olinia cymosa (L.f.) Thunb. var. latifolia Sond. accepted as Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. indigenous
  • Olinia emarginata Burtt Davy, indigenous
  • Olinia huillensis Welw. ex A.Fern. & R.Fern. indigenous
    • Olinia huillensis Welw. ex A.Fern. & R.Fern. subsp. burttdavii Sebola, endemic
    • Olinia huillensis Welw. ex A.Fern. & R.Fern. subsp. huillensis, indigenous
  • Olinia micrantha Decne. endemic
  • Olinia radiata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips, endemic
  • Olinia rochetiana A.Juss. indigenous
  • Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. endemic

Onagraceae

Family: Onagraceae,[5]

Epilobium

Genus Epilobium:[5]

  • Epilobium capense Buchinger ex Hochst. indigenous
  • Epilobium hirsutum L. indigenous
  • Epilobium karsteniae Compton, accepted as Epilobium capense Buchinger ex Hochst.
  • Epilobium salignum Hausskn. indigenous
  • Epilobium tetragonum L. indigenous
    • Epilobium tetragonum L. subsp. tetragonum, indigenous

Gaura

Genus Gaura:[5]

Ludwigia

Genus Ludwigia:[5]

  • Ludwigia abyssinica A.Rich. indigenous
  • Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, indigenous
    • Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P.H.Raven, indigenous
  • Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara, indigenous
  • Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven, indigenous
    • Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. brevisepala (Brenan) P.H.Raven, accepted as Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven, present
    • Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli) P.H.Raven, accepted as Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven, present
  • Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Ludwigia polycarpa Short & R.Peter ex Torr. & A.Gray, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H.Raven, accepted as Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P.H.Raven, present

Oenothera

Genus Oenothera:[5]

  • Oenothera affinis Cambess. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera biennis L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera drummondii Hook. subsp. drummondii, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera erythrosepala (Borbas) Borbas, accepted as Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera grandiflora Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera indecora Cambess. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Oenothera indecora Cambess. subsp. bonariensis W.Dietr. accepted as Oenothera indecora Cambess. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera laciniata Hill, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera longiflora L. subsp. longiflora, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera parodiana Munz, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera parviflora L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera rosea L'Her. ex Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link subsp. stricta, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera tetraptera Cav. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Oenothera villosa Thunb. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Penaeaceae

Family: Penaeaceae,[5]

Brachysiphon

Genus Brachysiphon:[5]

  • Brachysiphon acutus (Thunb.) A.Juss. endemic
  • Brachysiphon fucatus (L.) Gilg, endemic
  • Brachysiphon microphyllus Rourke, endemic
  • Brachysiphon mundii Sond. endemic
  • Brachysiphon rupestris Sond. endemic

Endonema

Genus Endonema:[5]

  • Endonema lateriflora (L.f.) Gilg, endemic
  • Endonema retzioides Sond. endemic

Glischrocolla

Genus Glischrocolla:[5]

  • Glischrocolla formosa (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren, endemic

Penaea

Genus Penaea:[5]

  • Penaea acutifolia A.Juss. endemic
  • Penaea cneorum Meerb. indigenous
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. cneorum, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. gigantea R.Dahlgren, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. lanceolata R.Dahlgren, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. ovata (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex A.DC.) R.Dahlgren, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. ruscifolia R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Penaea dahlgrenii Rourke, endemic
  • Penaea mucronata L. endemic

Saltera

Genus Saltera:[5]

Sonderothamnus

Genus Sonderothamnus:[5]

  • Sonderothamnus petraeus (W.F.Barker) R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Sonderothamnus speciosus (Sond.) R.Dahlgren, endemic

Stylapterus

Genus Stylapterus:[5]

  • Stylapterus barbatus A.Juss. endemic
  • Stylapterus candolleanus (Steph.) R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Stylapterus dubius (Steph.) R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Stylapterus ericifolius (A.Juss.) R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Stylapterus ericoides A.Juss. indigenous
    • Stylapterus ericoides A.Juss. subsp. ericoides, endemic
    • Stylapterus ericoides A.Juss. subsp. pallidus R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Stylapterus fruticulosus (L.f.) A.Juss. endemic
  • Stylapterus micranthus R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Stylapterus sulcatus R.Dahlgren, endemic

Rhynchocalycaceae

Family: Rhynchocalycaceae,[5]

Rhynchocalyx

Genus Rhynchocalyx:[5]

References

  1. ^ Leebens-Mack JH, Barker MS, Carpenter EJ, Deyholos MK, Gitzendanner MA, Graham SW, et al. (One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative) (October 2019). "One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants". Nature. 574 (7780): 679–685. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1693-2. PMC 6872490. PMID 31645766.
  2. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  3. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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