List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth

States and union
territories of India
ordered by

Estimations of NFHS

Indian states by life expectancy in 2015—2016, according to estimation of NFHS[1]
Indian states by life expectancy in 2019—2021, according to estimation of NFHS[1]

Data about life expectancy according to alternative survey "National Family Health Survey" (NFHS). These table allow to estimate influence of the COVID-19 pandemic to various Indian territories.

state 2015-2016 change 2019-2021
overall males females F Δ M overall males females F Δ M
India on average 66.6 64.3 69.2 4.9 −0.8 65.8 62.9 68.9 6.0
Nagaland 76.2 73.0 79.8 6.8 −0.8 75.4 71.5 79.9 8.4
Kerala 73.9 70.1 77.8 7.7 −2.7 71.2 67.1 75.5 8.4
Chandigarh 73.3 69.1 79.5 10.4 −6.8 66.5 64.1 69.4 5.3
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 73.0 73.4 72.7 −0.7 — — — — —
Mizoram 72.1 66.1 81.0 14.9 0.0 72.1 66.9 78.4 11.5
Punjab 71.1 69.0 73.5 4.5 −4.9 66.2 63.3 69.4 6.1
Himachal Pradesh 70.8 67.5 74.3 6.8 −0.2 70.6 67.9 73.2 5.3
Maharashtra 70.2 67.9 72.8 4.9 −0.9 69.3 66.4 72.4 6.0
Rajasthan 70.2 67.3 73.4 6.1 1.3 71.5 68.1 75.4 7.3
Manipur 70.1 66.0 74.5 8.5 −2.5 67.6 63.7 71.7 8.0
Sikkim 69.8 69.4 70.7 1.3 −3.9 65.9 62.7 70.2 7.5
Goa 69.7 66.1 74.0 7.9 3.6 73.3 68.7 79.1 10.4
Jammu and Kashmir 69.2 67.6 70.8 3.2 2.6 71.8 70.9 72.8 1.9
Delhi 69.2 66.8 73.1 6.3 −1.2 68.0 65.2 71.3 6.1
Gujarat 68.7 65.9 72.0 6.1 −1.0 67.7 64.3 71.5 7.2
Lakshadweep 68.5 65.9 71.6 5.7 2.7 71.2 66.1 76.3 10.2
Meghalaya 68.5 65.0 72.6 7.6 0.3 68.8 66.5 71.4 4.9
Haryana 68.4 65.8 71.9 6.1 −2.4 66.0 61.9 71.0 9.1
West Bengal 68.3 67.4 69.2 1.8 −3.6 64.7 63.0 66.6 3.6
Karnataka 68.2 64.6 72.3 7.7 −0.9 67.3 63.2 72.0 8.8
Tripura 67.8 64.4 71.8 7.4 −1.8 66.0 63.7 68.6 4.9
Uttarakhand 67.6 64.1 71.6 7.5 0.7 68.3 65.4 71.4 6.0
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands		 67.4 64.1 71.5 7.4 −0.3 67.1 62.1 74.3 12.2
Jharkhand 66.7 64.9 68.6 3.7 −2.0 64.7 62.7 66.7 4.0
Chhattisgarh 66.4 64.6 68.3 3.7 −2.6 63.8 60.8 67.0 6.2
Puducherry 66.3 60.3 73.9 13.6 −1.7 64.6 59.0 70.7 11.7
Daman and Diu 66.2 61.7 72.5 10.8 — — — — —
Madhya Pradesh 66.0 63.6 68.8 5.2 0.2 66.2 63.2 69.5 6.3
Uttar Pradesh 64.9 63.3 66.6 3.3 −1.9 63.0 60.6 65.6 5.0
Odisha 64.7 63.4 66.1 2.7 −0.5 64.2 61.4 67.1 5.7
Arunachal Pradesh 64.6 63.0 66.5 3.5 2.9 67.5 65.0 70.2 5.2
Andhra Pradesh 64.2 59.9 69.2 9.3 −0.8 63.4 59.6 67.8 8.2
Tamil Nadu 63.6 60.2 67.4 7.2 0.3 63.9 59.3 69.1 9.8
Assam 63.5 61.0 66.4 5.4 2.6 66.1 63.1 69.5 6.4
Bihar 63.0 62.0 64.0 2.0 1.4 64.4 63.3 65.4 2.1
Telangana 62.4 58.4 66.8 8.4 1.4 63.8 60.4 67.3 6.9
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu — — — — — 70.6 67.7 76.9 9.2

Data source: NFHS via Yadav et al.[1]


Estimations of SRS

These are data of Indian national demographic survey "Sample Registration System" (SRS). Tables below contains only data for biggest states and union territories. Record "India on average" contains averaged data for all states and union territories.

2016—2020

Indian states by life expectancy in 2016—2020, according to estimation of SRS[2]
state on the whole urban rural urban
Δ rural
overall males females F Δ M overall males females F Δ M overall males females F Δ M
India on average 70.0 68.6 71.4 2.8 73.2 71.9 74.5 2.6 68.6 67.2 70.1 2.9 4.6
Delhi 75.8 74.1 77.7 3.6 75.8 74.1 77.8 3.7 74.0 — 76.6 — 1.8
Kerala 75.0 71.9 78.0 6.1 74.7 71.5 78.0 6.5 75.2 72.3 78.1 5.8 −0.5
Jammu and Kashmir 74.3 72.6 76.3 3.7 78.1 76.0 80.5 4.5 72.7 71.1 74.6 3.5 5.4
Himachal Pradesh 73.5 70.3 77.5 7.2 77.1 74.7 81.0 6.3 73.2 69.9 77.2 7.3 3.9
Tamil Nadu 73.2 71.0 75.5 4.5 75.8 73.7 78.2 4.5 70.5 68.3 72.9 4.6 5.3
Maharashtra 72.9 71.6 74.3 2.7 74.6 73.4 76.1 2.7 71.6 70.2 73.0 2.8 3.0
Punjab 72.5 70.8 74.5 3.7 75.5 73.3 78.1 4.8 70.9 69.2 72.9 3.7 4.6
West Bengal 72.3 71.1 73.6 2.5 74.5 73.8 75.3 1.5 71.1 69.6 72.7 3.1 3.4
Andhra Pradesh 70.6 69.1 72.2 3.1 72.7 71.6 73.8 2.2 69.7 68.0 71.6 3.6 3.0
Uttarakhand 70.6 67.5 73.9 6.4 71.0 68.8 73.7 4.9 70.3 67.0 73.9 6.9 0.7
Gujarat 70.5 68.1 73.2 5.1 72.2 70.9 73.6 2.7 69.2 65.9 73.1 7.2 3.0
Odisha 70.3 69.1 71.4 2.3 72.2 70.9 73.2 2.3 69.8 68.7 71.0 2.3 2.4
Telangana 70.0 68.7 71.4 2.7 72.2 72.0 72.4 0.4 68.4 66.5 70.5 4.0 3.8
Haryana 69.9 67.3 73.0 5.7 72.0 69.5 75.1 5.6 68.7 66.1 71.9 5.8 3.3
Karnataka 69.8 67.9 71.9 4.0 73.3 71.9 74.8 2.9 68.2 66.0 70.6 4.6 5.1
Jharkhand 69.6 70.5 68.9 −1.6 72.2 71.9 72.4 0.5 68.8 70.0 67.9 −2.1 3.4
Bihar 69.5 69.7 69.2 −0.5 71.9 72.3 71.3 −1.0 69.1 69.3 68.9 −0.4 2.8
Rajasthan 69.4 67.1 71.7 4.6 72.6 71.5 73.6 2.1 68.4 65.8 71.2 5.4 4.2
Assam 67.9 67.3 68.6 1.3 74.1 73.3 75.0 1.7 66.7 66.2 67.4 1.2 7.4
Madhya Pradesh 67.4 65.5 69.5 4.0 70.8 69.3 72.4 3.1 66.4 64.3 68.7 4.4 4.4
Uttar Pradesh 66.0 65.3 66.7 1.4 69.2 69.1 69.3 0.2 65.0 64.2 65.9 1.7 4.2
Chhattisgarh 65.1 63.5 66.8 3.3 68.0 66.7 69.4 2.7 64.3 62.6 66.0 3.4 3.7

Data source: RCCGI[2]

2015—2019

Indian states by life expectancy in 2015—2019, according to estimation of SRS[3]
state on the whole urban rural urban
Δ rural
overall males females F Δ M overall males females F Δ M overall males females F Δ M
India on average 69.7 68.4 71.1 2.7 73.0 71.8 74.2 2.4 68.3 66.9 69.7 2.8 4.7
Delhi 75.9 74.3 77.5 3.2 75.9 74.4 77.6 3.2 73.6 71.3 75.6 4.3 2.3
Kerala 75.2 72.3 78.0 5.7 75.1 72.1 78.0 5.9 75.2 72.4 78.1 5.7 −0.1
Jammu and Kashmir 74.2 72.6 76.1 3.5 77.6 75.7 79.6 3.9 72.8 71.2 74.6 3.4 4.8
Himachal Pradesh 73.1 69.9 77.1 7.2 77.8 74.9 82.3 7.4 72.8 69.4 76.8 7.4 5.0
Punjab 72.8 71.1 74.7 3.6 75.4 73.0 78.6 5.6 71.3 69.7 73.3 3.6 4.1
Maharashtra 72.7 71.6 74.0 2.4 74.5 73.2 76.0 2.8 71.4 70.2 72.5 2.3 3.1
Tamil Nadu 72.6 70.6 74.9 4.3 74.9 73.0 77.1 4.1 70.4 68.3 72.7 4.4 4.5
West Bengal 72.1 71.0 73.2 2.2 74.3 73.6 75.1 1.5 70.9 69.5 72.2 2.7 3.4
Uttarakhand 70.6 67.6 73.9 6.3 71.0 68.7 73.7 5.0 70.4 67.1 73.9 6.8 0.6
Andhra Pradesh 70.3 68.9 71.8 2.9 72.7 71.8 73.5 1.7 69.4 67.7 71.2 3.5 3.3
Gujarat 70.2 67.9 72.8 4.9 72.0 70.8 73.2 2.4 68.9 65.7 72.5 6.8 3.1
Haryana 69.9 67.7 72.6 4.9 72.4 70.1 75.0 4.9 68.6 66.3 71.4 5.1 3.8
Telangana 69.8 68.6 71.1 2.5 71.9 71.7 72.1 0.4 68.3 66.6 70.1 3.5 3.6
Odisha 69.8 68.5 71.1 2.6 72.2 71.3 73.1 1.8 69.3 68.0 70.7 2.7 2.9
Karnataka 69.5 67.9 71.3 3.4 72.8 71.7 73.9 2.2 67.9 66.0 70.0 4.0 4.9
Jharkhand 69.4 70.2 68.8 −1.4 72.2 71.8 72.6 0.8 68.6 69.6 67.7 −1.9 3.6
Bihar 69.2 69.6 68.8 −0.8 72.0 72.5 71.4 −1.1 68.8 69.2 68.4 −0.8 3.2
Rajasthan 69.0 66.8 71.3 4.5 72.6 71.8 73.3 1.5 67.9 65.4 70.6 5.2 4.7
Assam 67.5 66.8 68.3 1.5 74.1 73.3 74.9 1.6 66.2 65.6 67.0 1.4 7.9
Madhya Pradesh 67.0 65.2 69.1 3.9 70.7 69.4 72.2 2.8 65.9 63.8 68.1 4.3 4.8
Uttar Pradesh 65.6 65.0 66.2 1.2 68.9 68.8 69.0 0.2 64.6 63.8 65.3 1.5 4.3
Chhattisgarh 65.3 63.7 66.9 3.2 68.3 67.0 69.8 2.8 64.4 62.8 66.0 3.2 3.9

Data source: RCCGI[3]


Other estimations

Alternative visualization for 2019—2021, according to NFHS[1]
Life expectancy in states and union territories of India, an estimated average for 2011-2016

This is a list of Indian states by life expectancy at birth. The figures come from the Human Development Index Report, published in 2011, by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) India[4] and Sample Registration Survey (SRS) based life table 2010–14.[5][6]

The report provides life expectancy at birth based on mortality rates in years 2002–06, 2010–14, 2019, and 2019-21.

Rank State Life expectancy at birth
2019-21[1][7][8] 2019[9] 2014–17[10] 2010–14[6] 2002–06[11]
0 India 65.8 70.91 69[12][13] 68 63.5
1 Nagaland 75.4 73.65 - - -
2 Goa 73.3 76.55 - - -
3 Mizoram 72.1 70.81 - - -
4 Jammu and Kashmir 71.8 73.36 74.1 72.6 -
5 Rajasthan 71.5 70.80 68.5 67.7 62.0
6 Kerala 71.2 78.29 74.7 69.9 64.1
6 Lakshadweep 71.2 74.88 - - -
8 Himachal Pradesh 70.6 72.96 72.6 71.6 67.02
8 Daman and Diu 70.6 74.04 - - -
8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 70.6 73.57 - - -
11 Maharashtra 69.3 74.46 72.5 71.6 67.2
12 Meghalaya 68.8 72.69 - - -
13 Uttarakhand 68.3 71.35 71.7 71.7 60.0
14 Delhi 68.0 74.19 75.2 74.9 73.8
15 Gujarat 67.7 72.18 69.7 68.7 -
16 Manipur 67.6 74.73 - - -
17 Arunachal Pradesh 67.5 73.68 - - -
18 Karnataka 67.3 74.34 69.2 68.8 65.3
19 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 67.1 77.32 - - -
20 Chandigarh 66.5 74.57 - - -
21 Punjab 66.2 73.54 72.4 71.6 69.4
21 Madhya Pradesh 66.2 68.60 66 64.2 58.0
23 Assam 66.1 70 66.2 63.9 58.9
24 Haryana 66.0 72.90 69.7 68.6 -
24 Tripura 66.0 74.08 - - -
26 Sikkim 65.9 74.92 - - -
27 West Bengal 64.7 73.27 71.2 70.2 64.9
27 Jharkhand 64.7 70.12 68.6 66.6 58.0
29 Puducherry 64.6 75.51 - - -
30 Bihar 64.4 69.92 68.9 68.1 61.6
31 Odisha 64.2 70.16 68.4 65.8 59.6
32 Tamil Nadu 63.9 75.29 71.7 70.6 66.2
33 Telangana 63.8 72.33 - - -
33 Chhattisgarh 63.8 68.30 65.2 64.8 58.0
35 Andhra Pradesh (includes Telangana) 63.4[14] 71.39[15] 69.7 68.5 64.4
36 Uttar Pradesh 63.0 66.85 65 64.1 60.0

Data about life expectancy according to a 2024 study by Yadav et al. which estimates district and state-wise life expectancy model-based (Bayesian hierarchical model) using NFHS-5 data on infant mortality rate and life tables showing age-specific mortality rates.[16]

state 2019-2021[16]
overall males females F Δ M
India on average 73.2 71.9 74.5 2.6
Nagaland 84.1 82.5 85.9 3.4
Sikkim 83.0 82.8 83.2 0.4
Tamil Nadu 81.3 80.1 82.7 2.6
Kerala 79.9 80.1 79.7 -0.4
Goa 78.7 79.0 78.3 -0.7
Puducherry 78.2 78.2 78.2 0.0
Lakshadweep 78.2 78.2 78.2 0.0
Karnataka 75.9 73.8 78.2 4.4
Haryana 75.8 73.2 78.7 5.5
Punjab 75.1 74.6 75.7 1.1
Jammu and Kashmir 75.0 75.0 75.0 0.0
Mizoram 74.9 74.8 74.9 0.1
Maharashtra 74.6 74.3 74.9 0.6
Meghalaya 74.4 72.9 76.0 3.1
Gujarat 74.3 74.0 74.7 0.7
Himachal Pradesh 74.2 73.9 74.5 0.6
Arunachal Pradesh 74.2 73.7 74.7 1.0
Manipur 74.0 71.4 76.7 5.3
Delhi 72.4 72.6 72.3 -0.3
Uttarakhand 72.3 72.6 72.0 -0.6
Assam 71.6 68.9 74.5 5.6
Tripura 71.1 69.9 72.2 2.3
Rajasthan 70.9 65.7 76.8 11.1
Chhattisgarh 70.2 69.6 70.9 1.3
Uttar Pradesh 69.8 68.9 70.7 1.8
Odisha 69.5 68.5 70.6 2.1
Bihar 69.3 68.5 70.3 1.8
Telangana 69.0 69.2 68.7 -0.5
Jharkhand 68.4 66.9 70.1 3.2
West Bengal 68.1 68.0 68.1 0.1
Madhya Pradesh 68.1 66.7 69.6 2.9
Chandigarh 65.9 61.9 70.7 8.8
Andhra Pradesh 64.8 62.2 67.7 5.5
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands		 — — — —
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu — — — —

Data source: Yadav et al.[16]


Expectation of life at birth by sex and residence, India

Year Combined Rural Urban
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
1973 49.7 50.5 49.0 48.0 48.9 47.1 58.9 58.8 59.2
1978 52.3 52.5 52.1 50.6 51.0 50.3 60.1 59.6 60.8
1983 55.4 55.4 55.7 53.7 54.0 53.6 62.8 61.6 64.1
1988 57.7 57.7 58.1 56.1 56.1 56.2 63.4 62.0 64.9
1989 58.3 58.1 58.6 56.8 56.7 56.9 63.8 62.3 65.3
1990 58.7 58.6 59.0 57.4 57.2 57.4 64.1 62.8 65.5
1991 59.4 59.0 59.7 58.0 57.9 58.1 64.9 63.5 66.3
1992 60.0 59.4 60.4 58.6 58.2 58.7 65.4 64.1 66.7
1993 60.3 59.7 60.9 58.9 58.5 59.3 65.9 64.5 67.3
1994 60.7 60.1 61.4 59.4 58.9 59.8 66.3 64.9 67.7
1995 61.1 60.4 61.8 59.9 59.3 60.2 66.6 65.1 68.0
1996 61.4 60.6 62.2 60.1 59.5 60.5 66.8 65.3 68.2
1997 61.5 60.8 62.3 60.3 59.7 60.9 66.4 65.1 67.9
1998 61.9 61.2 62.7 60.7 60.1 61.3 66.7 65.4 68.3
1999 62.3 61.4 63.3 61.1 60.3 61.9 67.1 65.7 68.7
2000 62.9 61.9 64.0 61.6 60.7 62.5 67.6 66.1 69.2
2001 63.4 62.3 64.6 62.2 61.1 63.2 68.0 66.5 69.7
2002 63.9 62.8 65.2 62.7 61.6 63.8 68.4 66.9 70.0
2003 64.3 63.1 65.6 63.0 61.9 64.2 68.6 67.2 70.3
2004 64.7 63.5 66.1 63.5 62.3 64.7 68.9 67.4 70.6
2005 65.0 63.7 66.5 63.8 62.6 65.2 69.0 67.5 70.7
2006 65.4 64.0 66.9 64.2 62.9 65.7 69.0 67.5 70.8
2007 65.7 64.3 67.2 64.5 63.2 66.0 69.2 67.6 71.0
2008 66.1 64.6 67.7 64.9 63.5 66.5 69.6 68.0 71.4
2009 66.5 64.9 68.2 65.3 63.8 67.0 70.1 68.4 71.9
2010 67.0 65.4 68.8 65.8 64.2 67.6 70.6 69.0 72.4
2011 67.5 65.8 69.3 66.3 64.6 68.1 71.2 69.6 73.0
2012 67.9 66.4 69.6 66.7 65.1 68.4 71.5 70.0 73.5

[6]

Charts

  • Development of life expectancy in India according to estimation of the World Bank Group[17]
    Development of life expectancy in India according to estimation of the World Bank Group[17]
  • Life expectancy with calculated sex gap[17]
    Life expectancy with calculated sex gap[17]
  • Life expectancy in comparison to president of the country[17]
    Life expectancy in comparison to president of the country[17]
  • Life expectancy in comparison to prime minister of the country[17]
    Life expectancy in comparison to prime minister of the country[17]
  • Life expectancy in India according to estimation of Our World in Data[18]
    Life expectancy in India according to estimation of Our World in Data[18]
  • Development of life expectancy in India in comparison to some big countries of the world[17]
    Development of life expectancy in India in comparison to some big countries of the world[17]
  • Development of life expectancy in India in comparison to other big countries of Asia[17]
    Development of life expectancy in India in comparison to other big countries of Asia[17]
  • Development of life expectancy in India in comparison to some countries of South-East Asia and Oceania[17]
    Development of life expectancy in India in comparison to some countries of South-East Asia and Oceania[17]


  • Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in India on the background of other countries of the world in 2019[19]
    Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in India on the background of other countries of the world in 2019[19]
  • Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy for males and females separately[19]
    Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy for males and females separately[19]
  • Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in India on the background of countries of Asia and Oceania in 2019[19]
    Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in India on the background of countries of Asia and Oceania in 2019[19]
  • Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy for males and females separately[19]
    Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy for males and females separately[19]


See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Life expectancy charts for India.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Yadav, Pawan Kumar; Yadav, Suryakant (4 September 2023). "Impact of COVID-19 on subnational variations in life expectancy and life disparity at birth in India: evidence from NFHS and SRS data". Archives of Public Health. 81 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01170-8. PMC 10476359. PMID 37667348. — Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1.
  2. ^ a b "SAMPLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM (SRS)-ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES 2016-2020". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2024. — statement 3, page 6
  3. ^ a b "SAMPLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM (SRS)-ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES 2015-2019". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2024. — statement 3, page 6
  4. ^ "Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index for India's States 2011" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  5. ^ "Contents 2010-14" (PDF). OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  6. ^ a b c "ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES- 2010-14" (PDF). OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  7. ^ Yadav, Pawan Kumar; Yadav, Suryakant (2023). "Impact of COVID-19 on subnational variations in life expectancy and life disparity at birth in India: Evidence from NFHS and SRS data". Archives of Public Health. 81 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01170-8. PMC 10476359. PMID 37667348.
  8. ^ Yadav, Pawan Kumar; Yadav, Suryakant (2023). "Impact of COVID-19 on subnational variations in life expectancy and life disparity at birth in India: Evidence from NFHS and SRS data". Archives of Public Health. 81. doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01170-8. PMC 10476359.
  9. ^ "Life expectancy 2019 - Maps - Global Data Lab".
  10. ^ "Press Information Bureau". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
  11. ^ Life Expectancy at Birth by Gender, 1992 – 2004 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine Table 5A.10, India Human Development Index Report, page 287
  12. ^ "India Country Overview | World Health Organization". www.who.int. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
  13. ^ "Women in India live longer than men but don't have healthier lives, finds new report". ThePrint. 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
  14. ^ without Telangana
  15. ^ without Telangana
  16. ^ a b c Yadav, Pawan Kumar; Yadav, Suryakant (16 April 2024). "Subnational estimates of life expectancy at birth in India: evidence from NFHS and SRS data". BMC Public Health. 24. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18278-3. — Table 5 Estimated (Model-based) vs. calculated (ASDR-based) life expectancy at birth at national and state levels in India from NFHS-5 (2019-21) and SRS-2020.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g "Life expectancy at birth, total - India". World Bank Group.
  18. ^ "Life expectancy at birth: India". Our World in Data.
  19. ^ a b c d "Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country". World Health Organization. 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  • https://niti.gov.in/content/life-expectancy
  • Ponnapalli et al. (2013), Aging and the Demographic mad man Transition in India and Its States: A Comparative Perspective, International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(1), pp 171–193
  • The Future Population on India Archived 2015-07-01 at the Wayback Machine Population Research Bureau
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