The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 facilitated a significant increase in Indian immigration.[7][8] The Hindu students and professionals who immigrated in the late 1960s and 1970s often kept small altars and puja rooms in their homes. These altars became the first makeshift temples of the early immigrants. As these immigrants started raising families, they began taking active steps to preserve their culture and heritage. They formed religious communities such as the Swaminarayan Sampradaya and cultural organizations such as Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Odisha, Tamil, Telugu, and India Associations. Many of these associations rented halls, churches, and school auditoriums to celebrate Hindu festivals such as Diwali, Holi, and Navaratri. The religious groups often met in members' homes to study the scriptures, conduct pujas, or sing bhajans (devotional songs).[9]
By the 1970s, the religious groups and cultural associations started working together to create Hindu "temple societies." These societies formed in metropolitan areas with large Indian American populations such as Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pittsburgh, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Washington D.C. The goal of the societies was to create permanent temples by purchasing existing properties such as private homes, former churches, warehouses, and office buildings, or by buying land and constructing new temples "from scratch." The Sri Venkateswara Temple, Pittsburgh, inaugurated on June 8, 1977, and the Hindu Temple Society of North America in New York, consecrated on July 4, 1977, became the first Hindu temples in the U.S. built by Indian immigrants. In the 1980s and 1990s, temples were built in nearly all major metropolitan areas.[9][10]
In the 21st century, Hindu temples have been established in many smaller cities and towns, and larger metropolitan areas have continued to add temples, as seen in the list below. In the meantime, older temples have been expanded and/or renovated to include kitchens, dining areas, community halls, and auditoriums to meet the growing needs of their congregations.[10]
List of temples
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San Francisco 37°47′53″N 122°26′03″W / 37.79809°N 122.43430°W / 37.79809; -122.43430 (Old Vedanta Society Temple)
Unique building, constructed in 1906, the first Hindu temple in the United States. The Vedanta Society of San Francisco was established in 1900 by Swami Vivekanandaji, after his attending Chicago World’s Fair of 1893.[13] At Filbert Street & Webster. Or it was developed in two stages in 1905 and 1908. Incorporating Mogul was designed by Swami Trigunatitananda and architect Joseph A. Leonard. Its towers in multiple Indian, Mogul, and Western architectural styles, "are intended to symbolize the harmony of all religions and the pointed arches and domes the upward aspiration of the spiritual seeker."[14][15][16]
^ a bHowever, its website states, "In actual fact, the Temple was not in any sense Hindu—not in organization, activities, membership, architecture, or decor."
References
^Nolte, Carl (3 November 2018). "Week a fitting time to celebrate East Indians' success in SF". San Francisco Chronicle.
^"Old Temple". sfvedanta.org. 30 December 2020.
^"Visit to Vedanta Society and the Old Temple of 1905 | Society for Asian Art". www.societyforasianart.org.
^"Hinduism in America". Archived from the original on 21 March 2016.
^"Old Temple". Vedanta Society of Northern California. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
^Swami Tattwamayananda, ed. (2016). The First Universal Hindu Temple in the West: A Landmark in San Francisco. Vedanta Society of Northern California. 144 pages. Available at link from https://sfvedanta.org/the-society/old-temple/
^Arijit Sen (2010). "Architecture and World Making: Production of Sacred Space in San Francisco's Vedanta Temple". South Asian History and Culture. 2 (1): 76–102. doi:10.1080/19472498.2011.531611. S2CID 143839200. Full PDF available to download at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19472498.2011.531611.
^ a b"Missing Janmashtami 2023 Celebration? These 15 Popular Hindu Temples in USA Can Be Visited In Janmashtami". The Times of India. 7 September 2023.
^"Get to know Lakeland's diverse religious communities". LALtoday. 20 July 2022.
^"The 2022 Indiafest, presented by Manav Mandir Hindu Temple, held March 5-6 at Wickham Park". Florida Today. 5 March 2022.
^"Shree Swaminarayan Temple opens in SW Ocala". Ocala StarBanner. 11 July 2022.
^"New Hindu Temple of Tallahassee, Florida". greatandhra.com. 13 August 2022.
^"They built their Hindu temple together. A fatal gunshot tore them apart". Tampa Bay Times. 20 May 2021.
^"Trespassers caught on camera inside vandalized Hindu temple; temple hit 4 times in 5 months". WPTV. 20 October 2017.
^Renken, Leslie (25 June 2014). "Extra: Indian immigrants find slice of home at Hindu Temple of Central Illinois". Peoria Journal Star. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^Buedel, Matt (30 December 2017). "Hindu temple in central Illinois draws growing numbers". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^Adams, Pam (27 October 2009). "Hindu Temple keeps dodging obstacles on road to karma". The State Journal-Register. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^"Inauguration Of The Home Of Harmony: Chicago". 19 June 2022.
^"In Rogers Park, glimpses of a neighborhood that reflects Chicago's diversity more than any other". Chicago Sun-Times. 27 May 2022.
^"A Whole World on One Chicago Street". Chicago Magazine.
^"Shree Ganesh Temple of Chicago". 26 January 2019.
^ a b"Hindu temple to open in Glenview this weekend". Daily Herald. 14 April 2016.
^"Vivekananda Vedanta Society of Chicago".
^ a bThe American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Indiana University Press. 2006. p. 744.
^Otwell, Rachel (24 April 2018). "Hindu Temple Of Greater Springfield Breaks New Ground". NPR Illinois. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^Klickna, Cinda Ackerman (14 October 2021). "Hindu Temple to open Oct. 13-17". Illinois Times. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^"Leaders, dignitaries mark dedication of new Hindu temple". The Republic. 30 August 2022.
^"Finding Faith: New Mandir in Greenwood". WISHTV8. 15 August 2023.
^"Tri-State Hindu community celebrates opening of new temple in Newburgh". Courier & Press. 20 October 2022.
^"Hindu Temple Inauguration a 'once in a lifetime' event for local devotees". Indiana public media. 16 December 2022.
^"First Hindu Temple in Iowa". hinduismtoday. 2005. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
^"New Hindu Temple opening this week in Bowling Green". WBKO. 21 May 2022.
^"Chinmaya Mission Boston – To give maximum happiness to the maximum number for the maximum time".
^ a b"Siddha Yoga Centers and Websites around the World".
^"Sri Chinmaya Maruti Temple – 1, Union St, Andover MA – 01810".
^"Boston Sri Kalikambal Shiva Temple". Boston Sri Kalikambal Shiva Temple.
^"Vedanta Society". Vedanta Society.
^"Sri Siddha Lalitha Peetham". siddhalalitha.org.
^"Inner Space Harvard Square » Meditation Center".
^"Shri Sai Chavadi". shrisaichavadi.com.
^"Vedanta Centre, Cohasset, MA, spiritual center, meditation classes, Vedanta philosophy". www.vedantacentre.org.
^"Shree Umiya Mataji Mandir". sanskarusa.org.
^"New England Shirdi Sai Parivaar".
^"Parvati Parameshwara Temple".
^"SRI RADHA BHAKTI". SRI RADHA BHAKTI.
^"BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Boston". BAPS.
^"ISSO Shri Swaminarayan Hindu Temple - Lowell, MA". issoboston.org.
^"Rayaru Mutt | NE SRS Brundavan | United States". NE SRS Brundavan.
^"Vallabh Youth Organization".
^"Shivalaya Temple of Greater Boston is a place of worship, prayer, education, social and cultural activities for Hindu community of Greater Boston". www.shivalayaboston.com.
^"Home". vidyapeeth.dwarkamai.com.
^"Shravan Mas Katha - Boston, US - SMVS".
^"Shri Gurusthan". dwarkamai.com.
^"Hindu Temple for Worship". Mysite.
^"Sarva Dev Mandir". www.sarvadevmandir.org.
^"BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, South Boston". BAPS.
^"Watertown - BRAHMA KUMARIS".
^"| Siddha Yoga Meditation Center in Greater Boston".
^"A Hindu temple in Portage makes up for lost time with big plans for its 25th anniversary". WMUK. 11 August 2022.
^"Welcome to Missouri Ganesha Temple". Missouri Ganesha Temple. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ a b"Swami Jagdishwaranand, 71, Spiritual Leader, Dies". The New York Times. 21 December 2005.
^Queens NY to get first ever Krishna Janmashtami 2014 Block Party
^Nicole Karapanagiotis (2021). Branding Bhakti: Krishna Consciousness and the Makeover of a Movement. Indiana University Press. p. 143. Last but not the least, the Bhakti Center's third floor is a relatively large, full-functioning ISKCON temple.
^"The Broome Street Ganesha Temple".
^"Sri Sri hari Mandir USA LLC". Sri Sri Hari Mandir USA.
^"Athens Krishna House".
^"Krishna Consciousness movement invites spiritual Athens locals".