List of Alismatales of South Africa
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats.
The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[1]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]
11 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Alismataceae
Family Alismataceae,[4] (7 species)
Alisma
Genus Alisma:[4]
- Alisma plantago-aquatica L. not indigenous, invasive
Burnatia
Genus Burnatia:[4]
- Burnatia enneandra P.Micheli, indigenous
Echinodorus
Genus Echinodorus:[4]
- Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. not indigenous, invasive
- Echinodorus tenellus (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Buchenau, not indigenous, invasive
Limnophyton
Genus Limnophyton:[4]
- Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. indigenous
Sagittaria
Genus Sagittaria:[4]
- Sagittaria latifolia Willd. not indigenous, invasive
- Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G.Sm. not indigenous, cultivated. invasive
Aponogetonaceae
Family Aponogetonaceae,[4] (9 species)
Aponogeton
Genus Aponogeton:[4]
- Aponogeton angustifolius Aiton, endemic
- Aponogeton desertorum Zeyh. ex A.Spreng. indigenous
- Aponogeton distachyos L.f. endemic
- Aponogeton fugax J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Aponogeton junceus Lehm. indigenous
- Aponogeton junceus Lehm. subsp. natalense (Oliv.) Oberm. accepted as Aponogeton natalensis Oliv.
- Aponogeton junceus Lehm. subsp. rehmannii (Oliv.) Oberm. accepted as Aponogeton rehmannii Oliv.
- Aponogeton natalensis Oliv. endemic
- Aponogeton ranunculiflorus Jacot Guill. & Marais, indigenous
- Aponogeton rehmannii Oliv. indigenous
- Aponogeton stuhlmannii Engl. indigenous
Araceae
Family Araceae,[4]
Arum
Genus Arum:[4]
- Arum italicum Mill. not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Colocasia
Genus Colocasia:[4]
- Colocasia antiquorum Schott var. esculenta Schott accepted as Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, not indigenous, invasive
- Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Epipremnum
Genus Epipremnum:[4]
- Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) G.S.Bunting, not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Gonatopus
Genus Gonatopus:[4]
- Gonatopus angustus N.E.Br. indigenous
- Gonatopus boivinii (Decne.) Engl. indigenous
Monstera
Genus Monstera:[4]
- Monstera deliciosa Liebm. not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Pistia
Genus Pistia:[4]
- Pistia stratiotes L. not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Stylochaeton
Genus Stylochaeton:[4]
- Stylochaeton natalensis Schott, indigenous
Syngonium
Genus Syngonium:[4]
- Syngonium podophyllum Schott, not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Zamioculcas
Genus Zamioculcas:[4]
- Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd.) Engl. indigenous
Zantedeschia
Genus Zantedeschia:[4]
- Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. albomaculata indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. macrocarpa (Engl.) Letty, indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. valida Letty, accepted as Zantedeschia valida (Letty) Y.Singh
- Zantedeschia elliottiana (W.Watson) Engl. endemic
- Zantedeschia jucunda Letty, endemic
- Zantedeschia odorata P.L.Perry, endemic
- Zantedeschia pentlandii (R.Whyte ex W.Watson) Wittm. endemic
- Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. indigenous
- Zantedeschia valida (Letty) Y.Singh, endemic
Cymodoceaceae
Family Cymodoceaceae,[4]
Halodule
Genus Halodule:[4]
- Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch. indigenous
Thalassodendron
Genus Thalassodendron:[4]
- Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) Hartog, indigenous
Hydrocharitaceae
Family Hydrocharitaceae,[4]
Egeria
Genus Egeria:[4]
- Egeria densa Planch. not indigenous, invasive
Elodea
Genus Elodea:[4]
- Elodea canadensis Michx. not indigenous, invasive
Halophila
Genus Halophila:[4]
- Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f.indigenous
- Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. subsp. ovalis indigenous
Hydrilla
Genus Hydrilla:[4]
- Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, not indigenous, invasive
Lagarosiphon
Genus Lagarosiphon:[4]
- Lagarosiphon cordofanus Casp. indigenous
- Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex Wager, indigenous
- Lagarosiphon muscoides Harv. indigenous
- Lagarosiphon verticillifolius Oberm. indigenous
Najas
Genus Najas:[4]
- Najas graminea Delile, indigenous
- Najas graminea Delile, var. graminea, indigenous
- Najas horrida A.Braun ex Rendle, indigenous
- Najas marina L. ex Magnus, indigenous
- Najas marina L. ex Magnus subsp. armata (H.Lindb.) Horn, indigenous
- Najas setacea (A.Br.) Rendle, indigenous
Ottelia
Genus Ottelia:[4]
- Ottelia exserta (Ridl.) Dandy, indigenous
- Ottelia ulvifolia (Planch.) Walp. indigenous
- Ottelia vernayi Bremek. & Oberm. accepted as Ottelia ulvifolia (Planch.) Walp.
Vallisneria
Genus Vallisneria:[4]
- Vallisneria aethiopica Fenzl, accepted as Vallisneria spiralis L.
- Vallisneria spiralis L., indigenous
Juncaginaceae
Family Juncaginaceae,[4]
Triglochin
Genus Triglochin:[4]
- Triglochin buchenaui Kocke, Mering, Kadereit, indigenous
- Triglochin bulbosa L. indigenous
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. bulbosa, endemic
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. calcicola Mering, Kocke & Kadereit, indigenous
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. quarcicola Mering, Kocke & Kadereit, endemic
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. tenuifolia (Adamson) Horn, endemic
- Triglochin elongata Buchenau accepted as Triglochin bulbosa L.
- Triglochin milnei Horn, indigenous
- Triglochin striata Ruiz & Pav. indigenous
Lemnaceae
Family Lemnaceae,[4]
Lemna
Genus Lemna:[4]
- Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. indigenous
- Lemna gibba L. indigenous
- Lemna minor L. indigenous
Spirodela
Genus Spirodela:[4]
- Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. indigenous
- Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. indigenous
Wolffia
Genus Wolffia:[4]
- Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. indigenous
- Wolffia globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas, indigenous
Wolffiella
Genus Wolffiella:[4]
- Wolffiella denticulata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. endemic
- Wolffiella welwitschii (Hegelm.) Monod, indigenous
Limnocharitaceae
Family Limnocharitaceae,[4]
Hydrocleys
Genus Hydrocleys:[4]
- Hydrocleys nymphoides (Willd.) Buchenau, not indigenous, invasive
Tenagocharis
Genus Tenagocharis:[4]
- Tenagocharis latifolia (D.Don) Buchenau, accepted as Butomopsis latifolia (D.Don) Kunth
Potamogetonaceae
Family Potamogetonaceae,[4]
Althenia
Genus Althenia:[4]
- Althenia filiformis F.Petit, indigenous
Potamogeton
Genus Potamogeton:[4]
- Potamogeton crispus L. indigenous
- Potamogeton nodosus Poir. indigenous
- Potamogeton octandrus Poir. indigenous
- Potamogeton pectinatus L. indigenous
- Potamogeton pusillus L. indigenous
- Potamogeton richardii Solms, indigenous
- Potamogeton schweinfurthii A.Benn. indigenous
- Potamogeton subjavanicus Hagstr. accepted as Potamogeton pusillus L.
- Potamogeton thunbergii Cham. & Schltdl. accepted as Potamogeton nodosus Poir. indigenous
- Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl. indigenous
- Potamogeton venosus A.Benn. accepted as Potamogeton schweinfurthii A.Benn.
Pseudoalthenia
Genus Pseudoalthenia:[4]
- Pseudoalthenia aschersoniana (Graebn.) Hartog, endemic
Zannichellia
Genus Zannichellia:[4]
- Zannichellia palustris L. indigenous
Ruppiaceae
Family Ruppiaceae,[4]
Ruppia
Genus Ruppia:[4]
- Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande, indigenous
- Ruppia maritima L. indigenous
Zosteraceae
Family Zosteraceae,[4]
Nanozostera
Genus Nanozostera:[4]
- Nanozostera capensis (Setch.) Toml. & Posl. accepted as Zostera capensis Setch.
Zostera
Genus Zostera:[4]
- Zostera capensis Setch. indigenous
References
- ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
- ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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