Lango language (South Sudan)
| Lango | |
|---|---|
| Lango–Logire–Logir | |
| Native to | South Sudan |
| Ethnicity | Lango people |
Native speakers | 38,000 (2007)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:lgo – Langoimt – Imotonglqr – Logir |
| Glottolog | lang1322 |
Lango (or Langgo) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by an estimated 38,000 people in South Sudan.[2]
Classification
Lango is listed as a member of the Eastern Nilotic branch of Nilotic, in the Eastern Sudanic sub-grouping of Nilo-Saharan. Within Eastern Nilotic, Lango is considered an independent language group in Easter region of South Sudan.
There has been virtually no description of the Lango language, and its relationship to other languages is unclear. Lango Ethnologue has been written by SIL which publishes both literacy and scriptural materials. In October 2023, Lango have translated Jesus' Film which was taken thereafter to London for editing.
Geographic distribution
The Lango language is spoken by the Lango people, who live in mountainous areas of Ikwoto County in Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan. According to the Ethnologue, the Lango proper (also known as Ajo ne) variety is spoken across Ikwoto County; the Logir variety is spoken in Lomohidang payam, Kidepo and Ludwara; the Worri (Imotong) variety is spoken in Imotong payam and the Ketebo variety is spoken in Losite payam, Bira.[2]
Grammar
Limited data is available on the Lango language, but Muratori (1938) notes that Lango lexical items appear to be more similar to Lokoya than Lotuko, but that Lango appears to be phonetically and grammatically Iteso, Karamojong and other Plain Nilotics.[3] It is likely that Lango shares many traits common to other languages in the Plain Nilotics cluster and in Eastern Nilotic more generally, such as Verb-Subject-Object word order, two morphological verb classes, masculine and feminine grammatical gender for nouns, and a highly irregular number marking system involving a range of morphemes to mark singular, singulative, and plural. In terms of phonology, Lango is likely to have the Advanced Tongue Root contrast noted for closely related languages, and a consonant inventory including plosives at four or five places of articulation, with a voicing contrast at most of these.
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +ATR | -ATR | +ATR | -ATR | +ATR | -ATR | |
| Close | i | ɪ | u | ʊ | ||
| Mid | e | ɛ | ə | o | ɔ | |
| Open | a | |||||
| Bilabial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) Palatal |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ɕ | k |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | g | |
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||
Example text
In his 1938 grammar of the Lotuko language, Muratori includes a short fable for many of the languages related to Lotuko, including Lokwa/Lango. No direct translation is provided for the Lokwa/Lango story, but it is about a racing competition between a hyena and a frog.[4]
Nebou xa Naxidwodwok
Omor nebou naxidwok ojo: “Iji anya ngatur anya.” Itarangu naxidwodwok ojo: “Nanyo, ilany iji ne ta nanyo? Ojo nebou: “Oxifo ba ne xinamita hoji xibwanyi, ngai ba irwati?” Ojo naxidwodwok “Tarixe.” Nyo xati naxidwodwok olo ni xobwo xinasi xongete, ojo no xoseng ojo: “Xibwanyi oxifo ba ne inamita xa nebou.” Bwo xinasi xongete ijimi: “Ongeda.” Nyo xati seng itixar i ta nexoi abitobito jiik mane ni fotiri xexoi. Xibwanyi berien ilong nebou naxidwodwok ojo: “I i anya ngatur anya, kwo nongole xiran.” Naxidodwok olotu jiik ni xoi, nebou oboita angati, naxidwodwok nebu angato. Ojo nabu: “Ina bo, abito, xarik, xutik.” Efoi, nagnwala ina onok bebe. Abe naxidwodwok oleo. Nebou jan oboita, ilong naxidwodwok: “Xidwodwok!” Xinasi xo xidwodwok iruk ni xatemeni xa nebou: “Kwek.” Nebou inamaxi da, ilong cebu: “Xidwodwok?” Abito xidwodwok iruk: “Kweek.” Nebou cebu ifirixi da ilong cebu ari: “Xidwodwok?” Abito xidwodwok cebu iruk ari ne xatemeni na nebou olama bebe: “Kweek.” Ixwa nebou ojojo oxirwat bane naxidwodwok. Nyo xato ngete obwararu nengwala obe ouraya tur. Ojo da, afiasa bebe, nyo xati ngete ibalangaru ni fok otoxoro naxinamita bebe, xongete aye fad.
References
- ^ Lango at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Imotong at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Logir at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ a b "Lango". Ethnologue 17. 2014. Retrieved 11 Jan 2015.
- ^ Muratori, Carlo (1938). Grammatica Lango. Verona: Missioni Africane. pp. xix.
- ^ Muratori, Carlo (1938). Grammatica Lotuxo. Verona: Missioni Africane. pp. 472–473.
- Ethnologue