Laghuu language

Laghuu
Laghuu
Native to	Vietnam
Native speakers	300 (2002)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Lolo-Burmese Loloish Southeastern Highland Phula Muji Laghuu; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	lgh
Glottolog	lagh1245
ELP	Laghuu
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Laghuu (Vietnamese: Xá Phó, Phù Lá Lão) is a Loloish language spoken in northwestern Vietnam.^[2] In Nậm Sài, Sa Pa Town, the speakers' autonym is la21 ɣɯ44, while in Sơn La Province it is la21 ɔ44.^[3] The people are also called the Phù Lá Lão by the Vietnamese.

Edmondson considers Laghuu to be related to but not part of the Yi language complex of China. Jamin Pelkey (2011) considers Laghuu to be a Southeastern Loloish language.

Distribution

Laghuu is spoken in the following locations by a total of about 1,000 people (Edmondson 1999 & 2002).

Lào Cai Province
- Văn Bàn District
- Bảo Thắng District
- Bát Xát District
  - A Lù
- Sa Pa Town
  - Nậm Sài
- Cam Đường (near Lào Cai city)
Yên Bái Province
- Văn Yên
Sơn La Province
- Thuần Giáo

The Vietnam, Laghuu speakers are officially classified as part of the Phù Lá ethnic group. Some Laghuu are known as "Black Phu La," and others as "Flowery Phu La."

Phonology

Phonotactics

Words in Laghuu are typically disyllabic compounds, consisting of two single-syllable morphemes, as in other Yi languages. A syllable may be divided into an initial, a rhyme, and a tone. The initial is not obligatory, and it usually consists of a single consonant, though it may also be a cluster consisting of a velar stop followed by a lateral. The rhyme consists of a nuclear vowel followed by a glide /-i, -u/ or a nasal coda /-m, -n, -ŋ/, with /ŋ/ being the most common coda nasal.^[3]

Consonants

Laghuu has the following consonants. In addition to these single consonants, Laghuu also allows syllables to begin with velar stop + alveolar lateral sequences: /kl, khɬ, gl, ŋkhɬ/.^[3]

		Labial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive and Affricate	prenasalized	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑɡ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	tʃʰ	kʰ
	tenuis	p	t	tʃ	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ʃ	x	h
Fricative	voiced	v	z	ʒ	ɣ
Approximant			l

Vowels

Laghuu has the following vowels. Also, the diphthongs /ai/, /au/, /ɯi/ occur.^[3]

	front	central	back
	front	central	unrounded	rounded
High	i	ɿ	ɯ	u
Hi-mid		ə		o
Lo-mid	ɛ			ɔ
Low			a

Tones

Laghuu has five tones:^[3]

high /˥/ (/55/)
high-mid /˦/ (/44/)
low-mid /˧/ (/33/)
low-rising /˨˦/ (/24/)
low-falling /˨˩/ (/21/)

Notes

^ Laghuu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
^ a b c d e Edmondson, Jerold A.; Lama, Ziwo (1999). "Laghuu or Xá Phó, A New Language of the Yi Group" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 22 (1): 1–10. Retrieved 20 January 2024.

References

Edmondson, Jerold A. (25 June 2002). "The Central and Southern Loloish Languages of Vietnam". Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 28 (2): 1. doi:10.3765/bls.v28i2.1042.
Nguyễn Văn Huy (1975). "Bước đầu tim hiểu mới quan hệ tộc người giữa hai nhóm Phù Lá và Xá Phó". In, Ủy ban khoa học xã hội Việt Nam: Viện dân tộc học. Về vấn đề xác định thánh phần các dân tộc thiểu số ở miền bắc Việt Nam, 415-428. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội.
http://ling.uta.edu/jerry/vietTB1.pdf^{[permanent dead link]}
https://web.archive.org/web/20100627045649/http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/tbv.pdf

[e18-1] Laghuu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

[Edmondson_&_Lama_1999-3] Edmondson, Jerold A.; Lama, Ziwo (1999). "Laghuu or Xá Phó, A New Language of the Yi Group" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 22 (1): 1–10. Retrieved 20 January 2024.