Kolky (rural settlement)
Kolky | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kolky  Kolky | |
| Coordinates: 51°06′N 25°41′E / 51.100°N 25.683°E / 51.100; 25.683 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Volyn Oblast |
| Raion | Lutsk Raion |
| First mentioned | 1545 |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 3,974 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Kolky (Ukrainian: Колки), also Kolki (Yiddish: Kolki; Polish: Kołki; Russian: Колки; Hungarian: Kolke), is an urban-type settlement in Lutsk Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Volhynia. Kolky has a population of 3,974 (2022 estimate).[1]
Kolky is located on the confluence of the Styr and Rudka rivers, 51 kilometres north-east of Lutsk.
History
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1545–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1795
Russian Empire 1795–1917
Ukrainian People's Republic 1917-1918, 1918-1919
Second Polish Republic 1919–1945
Soviet Union 1939–1941 (occupation)
Nazi Germany 1941–1943 (occupation)
Kolky Republic 1943
Soviet Union 1945–1991
First time mentioned in 1545. The place has the urban-type settlement status since 1940.
The Jewish population was important before World War II, around a third of the total population (724 members in 1921, 860 in 1937).[2] The German army occupied the city at the end of 1941. 50 Jews were murdered by the Ukrainian police during the summer of 1941.[3] In October 1941, Jews were forced to live in a ghetto. In July 1942, the Jewish population was massacred by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans, members of Sicherheitsdienst and Gendarmerie and by Ukrainians, members of the local police.[4][5]
The Kolky Republic, a wartime state, was organized in Kolky by Ukrainian partisans during the Second World War.[6] Kolky Republic had its own currency, the Bofon, and public services and lasted from May to November 1943.[6] The local Polish population fell victim to genocide. On June 13, 1943, dozens of Poles were burned alive in the local Catholic church by local Ukrainians as part of the genocide of Poles in Volhynia.[7] Due to German air raids during its reoccupation of Kolky in November 1943, up to 500 residents of Kolky were killed and the town almost burned to the ground.[8]
The heraldry and the gonfalon are adopted in 1997. The bell is a symbol of the defensive role of the city throughout history. The linaceae is a local resource.[citation needed]
Notable people
- Tadeusz Piotrowski, Polish mountaineer, was born in Kolki
- Family of Esther Safran Foer, writer and mother of Jonathan Safran Foer
See also
References
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Technical Problem Form". data.jewishgen.org.
- ^ "YAHAD - IN UNUM". yahadmap.org.
- ^ "המכון הבין-לאומי לחקר השואה - יד ושם".
- ^ "Kołki - Virtual Shtetl". www.sztetl.org.pl.
- ^ a b MacInnes, Kenneth (2023). When Russia Did Democracy. From St Vladimir to Tsar Putin. Amberley Publishing. p. 288. ISBN 9781398105454.
- ^ 1943 zbrodnia upa(in Polish) Archived 11 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Republic of Kolkiv is the territory of Ukrainian freedom in the vortex of war". Ukrinform (in Ukrainian). 29 June 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
External links
- (in Russian) Official website[permanent dead link]
- (in Russian) Topographic map
- (in Ukrainian) Road map
- Kolky, Ukraine at JewishGen