Keele River
| Keele River | |
|---|---|
 Braided channel above Summit Creek | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Territory | Northwest Territories |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Selwyn Mountains |
| • elevation | 1,401 m (4,596 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Mackenzie River |
• coordinates | 64°25′N 124°48′W / 64.417°N 124.800°W / 64.417; -124.800 |
• elevation | 121 m (397 ft) |
| Length | 410 km (250 mi) |
| Basin size | 19,000 km2 (7,300 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Above Twitya River |
| • average | 115.7 m3/s (4,090 cu ft/s)[1] |
| • minimum | 20 m3/s (710 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 550 m3/s (19,000 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Southwest-northeast |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Tsichu River, Intga River, Ekwi River, Twitya River, Summit Creek |
| • right | Sekwi Brook, Natla River, Dorkan Creek, Nidhe Brook, Naintin Brook, Toochingkla River, Moose Nest Creek, Red Dog Creek, Middle Creek |
The Keele River is a tributary of the Mackenzie River, about 410 kilometres (250 mi) long,[2] in the western part of the Canadian Northwest Territories. Flowing in a generally northeast direction, it drains a sparsely populated, rugged area of the Mackenzie Mountains.
Course
The Keele River originates in a small, unnamed lake near the border of the Northwest Territories and the Yukon, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Macmillan Pass, which is the terminus of the drivable section of the North CANOL Road. The river begins its journey by flowing northwest through the alpine tundra area known as the Mackenzie Mountain Barrens, joining the Tsichu and Intga Rivers along the way. It then drops off the alpine plateau and begins its long descent to the Mackenzie River, tumbling gradually down into the dramatic Backbone Ranges of the Mackenzie Mountains. Approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the Keele's source, the Natla River rushes into the Keele from the south and almost doubles the flow and size of the river. From the Natla Confluence, The Keele turns and snakes its way northward for 85 kilometres (53 mi) until it meets the Twitya River, its largest tributary, flowing in from the west. Just after the Twitya confluence, the Keele is deflected east around the Tigonankweine Range by the towering Mount Eduni Massif and continues in this direction until reaching the Mackenzie River. During this section, the Toochingkla River flows in from the south, before the Keele cuts between the spectacular Canyon and Redstone Ranges. It then leaves the mountains behind, becoming slow and braided, and receives Middle Creek from the south, merging into the Mackenzie some 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) downstream from the Redstone River and 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-southeast of Tulita.[3]
History
People have inhabited the mountainous area surrounding the Keele River for at least 11,000 years. The Dene name for the Keele River is Begádeé, which translates to "Winding River". The river was used extensively as a trade route for some tribes of the Mountain Dene people. After spending the summer hunting and trading along the Yukon/NWT border the Mountain Dene, or shúhtagot'ıne, would build large moose skin boats, fill them with furs and goods and paddle down the Keele River to their winter camps along the Mackenzie River Valley. There they would trade these furs and goods for supplies to survive the long winter months with the Lowland Dene People and the Hudson Bay trading post after it was built at Fort Norman in the 1800s. Come spring, they would return to the mountains once again on foot. After signing Treaty 11 (regarding the transfer of lands in the Yukon to the federal government for purposes of oil exploration[4]) with King George V in 1921, the Dene no longer went to the Yukon Border area as frequently and as a result the Keele was also less travelled.[5] The Keele also has been known as the Gravel River.[6]
The river was named, as was the Keele Peak, for Joseph Keele, a member of the Geological Survey of Canada, who had surveyed the area in 1907–08, and descended the Keele River from its source to the Mackenzie.[7]
Recreation
In recent years the Keele River, the less travelled cousin of the South Nahanni River, has become known as a world class destination for wilderness canoeing and rafting, seeing hundreds of people paddle down its lower section each summer. This is due to a perfect combination of spectacular rugged mountain scenery, excellent fishing and wildlife viewing and fun but challenging class 2+ whitewater with no portages. Swift currents, rapids and aquamarine glacial water in a wilderness setting hundreds of kilometres from the nearest road mean that this river offers a thrill to all who paddle it. The Keele is suitable for beginner canoeists when paired with a guided expedition, and intermediate paddlers who wish to challenge it themselves. Several outfitting and guiding companies offer guided tours down the Natla/Keele river system during all months of the summer, as well as outfitting services. Trips usually depart Norman Wells or Fort Simpson by floatplane and land on the river at the Natla-Keele confluence. Trip length is usually between 10 and 14 days; however, it is feasible to have a longer trip by pairing the Keele with the Natla river. (Natla is a class 3+ river, and therefore is an experts-only trip). The upper Keele River above the confluence with the Natla is also a class 2-3 navigable waterway, but suffers from accessibility issues, as there are no lakes for a float plane to land on at the headwaters of the river. Paddlers looking to go down this section usually access the Keele through the class 3-4 Tischu River after landing on an air strip at Mile 222 of the Canol Road.
See also
References
- ^ Kokelj, Shawne A. (Dec 2001). "Hydrologic Overview of the Gwich'in and Sahtu Settlement Areas" (PDF). Government of Northwest Territories, Environment and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
- ^ Length measured in Google Earth using data from Canadian topo maps to find the source
- ^ Topo Maps for United States and Canada (Map). Cartography by U.S. and Canada, various sources. ACME Mapper. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
- ^ "1921 Treaty 11". Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ "Call to the Shuhtaot'ine". Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ "Keele River". Tageo. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ Gazetteer of the Northwest Territories Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine