Foreign relations of Togo

Politics of Togo
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
map Africa portal

Although Togo's foreign policy is nonaligned, it has strong historical and cultural ties with western Europe, especially France and Germany. Togo is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, exchanging high commissioners with other Commonwealth countries. It recognizes the People's Republic of China, North Korea, and Cuba, and re-established relations with Israel in 1987.

Togo pursues an active foreign policy and participates in many international organizations. It is particularly active in West African regional affairs and in the African Union. Relations between Togo and neighboring states are generally good.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Togo maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  France 27 April 1960[1]
2  Germany 27 April 1960[2]
3  United Kingdom 27 April 1960[3]
4  United States 27 April 1960[4]
5  Russia 1 May 1960[5]
6   Switzerland 19 July 1960[6]
7  Liberia 29 July 1960[7]
8  Israel 8 September 1960[8]
9  Egypt 20 September 1960[9]
10  Serbia 7 November 1960[10]
11  Czech Republic 2 December 1960[11]
12  Guinea 7 September 1961[12]
13  Netherlands 5 October 1961[13]
14  Belgium 1961[14][15]
15  Italy 1961[16]
16  Canada 7 June 1962[17]
17  Lebanon 7 June 1962[18]
18  India 31 August 1962[19]
19  Brazil 26 October 1962[20]
20  Niger 26 October 1962[21]
21  Turkey 6 December 1962[22]
22  Poland 26 December 1962[23]
23  Nigeria 1962[24]
24  Ghana 21 January 1963[25]
25  South Korea 26 July 1963[26]
26  Pakistan 8 May 1964[27]
27  Spain 22 October 1965[28]
28  Tunisia 1965[29]
29  Japan 29 May 1967[30]
30  Denmark 21 June 1968[31]
31  Gabon 21 June 1968[31]
32  Hungary 22 June 1970[32]
33  Democratic Republic of the Congo 14 July 1970[33]
34  Austria 1970[34]
35  Romania 12 January 1971[35]
36  Norway 10 January 1972[36]
37  Luxembourg 7 March 1972[37]
38  China 19 September 1972[38]
39  Zambia 5 January 1973[39]
40  North Korea 31 January 1973[40]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 5 September 1973[41]
41  Libya 3 November 1973[42]
42  Argentina 12 June 1974[43]
43  Bulgaria 19 July 1974[44]
44  Vietnam 8 February 1975[45]
46  Mexico 25 October 1975[46]
47  Somalia 21 November 1975[47]
48  Senegal 1 June 1976[48]
49  Gambia 10 May 1977[49]
50  Albania 25 June 1977[50]
51  Sweden 15 March 1978[51]
52  Portugal 17 March 1978[52]
53  Cuba 18 January 1979[53]
54  Costa Rica 11 June 1979[54]
55  Greece 1979[55]
56  Ecuador 11 February 1980[56]
57  Zimbabwe 16 June 1980[57]
—  Holy See 21 April 1981[58]
58  Burkina Faso 18 August 1981[59]
59  Sudan 8 July 1982[60]
60  Ethiopia 11 December 1982[61]
61  Benin 5 September 1983[62]
62  Suriname 8 November 1983[63]
63  Republic of the Congo 6 August 1984[64]
64  Tanzania 27 December 1984[65]
65  Kenya 9 April 1985[66]
66  Chad 10 April 1985[67]
—  State of Palestine 1985[68]
67  Thailand 7 May 1986[69]
68  Angola 27 September 1988[70]
69  Colombia 29 September 1988[71]
70  Venezuela 21 December 1990[72]
71  Slovakia 4 January 1997[73]
72  South Africa 13 January 1997[74]
73  Qatar 16 May 1997[75]
74  Iran January 1998[76]
75  North Macedonia 14 April 1998[77]
76  Slovenia 31 July 1998[78]
77  Ukraine 1 September 1999[79]
78  Philippines 24 August 2000[80]
79  Brunei 3 December 2002[81]
80  Armenia 14 November 2003[82]
81  Iceland 19 November 2004[83]
82  Indonesia 2006[84]
83  Morocco 10 July 2007[85]
84  Uruguay 28 September 2007[86]
85  United Arab Emirates 6 December 2007[87]
86  Saudi Arabia 26 December 2007[88]
87  Malta 16 May 2008[89]
88  Malaysia 20 August 2008[90]
89  Australia 22 July 2009[91]
90  Finland 12 May 2010[92]
91  Cambodia 6 August 2010[93]
92  Belarus 28 September 2010[94]
93  Kuwait 6 October 2010[95]
94  Namibia 24 November 2010[96]
95  Azerbaijan 28 December 2010[97]
96  Fiji 31 May 2011[98]
97  Singapore 15 June 2012[99]
98  Montenegro 21 December 2012[100]
99  Mongolia 6 September 2013[101]
100  Georgia 27 May 2014[102]
101  Lithuania 22 September 2014[103]
102  Estonia 23 September 2014[104]
103  Latvia 23 September 2014[105]
104  Turkmenistan 25 September 2014[106]
105  Kazakhstan 9 October 2014[107]
106  Seychelles 3 March 2015[108]
107  El Salvador 20 March 2015[109]
108  Madagascar 25 March 2015[110]
109  Cyprus 24 September 2015[111]
110  Sri Lanka 27 September 2015[112]
111  Chile 30 September 2015[113]
112  Kyrgyzstan 30 September 2015[113]
113  Monaco 9 February 2016[114]
114  Djibouti 14 February 2016[115]
115  Tajikistan 2 March 2016[116]
116  Botswana 7 October 2016[117]
117  Equatorial Guinea 7 October 2016[117]
118  Rwanda 17 January 2017[118]
119  Mauritius 22 February 2017[119]
120  Oman 5 June 2017[120]
121  Andorra 21 November 2017[121]
122  Peru 18 December 2017[122]
123  Saint Kitts and Nevis 25 September 2018[123]
124  San Marino 28 February 2019[124]
125  Ireland 1 March 2019[124]
126    Nepal 22 March 2019[125]
127  Panama 26 March 2019[126]
128  Myanmar 31 July 2019[127]
129  Nicaragua 23 October 2019[128]
130  Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 October 2019[129]
131  Jamaica 23 November 2021[130]
132  Dominican Republic 20 September 2022[131]
133  Bahrain 21 September 2022[132]
134  Maldives 3 May 2023[133]
135  Croatia 18 September 2023[134]
136  Bolivia 20 September 2023[135]
137  Guatemala 22 September 2023[136]
138  Algeria Unknown
139  Cameroon Unknown
140  Ivory Coast Unknown
141  Mali Unknown
142  Sierra Leone Unknown
143  Uganda Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Angola 27 September 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1988 when M. Brito Sozinho , Angola's Ambassador to Nigeria, presented his credentials to the Togolese Head of State, General Gnassingbe Eyadema.[70]
 Belgium 1961
  • Belgium is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Cotonou, Benin.
  • Togo has an embassy in Brussels.
 Benin 5 September 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1983 when Ambassador of Benin to Togo (resident in accra) Mr. Lucien Tonoukoin presented his credentials to Head of State General Eyadema.[62]
 Brazil 26 October 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1962[20]
 Canada 7 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1962[17]
  • Canada has a high commission in Lomé.
  • Togo has a high commission in Ottawa.
 Chad 10 April 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1985 when Ambassador of Chad Mr. Youssouf Nboudou Mbami presented his credentials to President of Togo.[67]
 China 19 September 1972 See China–Togo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1972[38]

  • China has an embassy in Lomé.
  • Togo has an embassy in Beijing.
 Democratic Republic of Congo 14 July 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 1970 when Congo-Kinshasa's first Ambassador to Togo, Mr. Kondo Belan, presented his credentials to Head of State Etienne Eyadema.[33]
 Republic of the Congo 6 August 1984 The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and President of Togo Faure Gnassingbé visited the Republic of the Congo in November 2023 meeting Congolese President Denis Sassou Nguesso.[137]
 Cyprus 24 September 2015

Cyprus is accredited to Togo from its high commission in Paris, France.[138]

 Denmark 21 June 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1968 when Mrs. Johanne Wright , ambassador of Denmark to Ivory Coast and to Togo , presented his letters of credence to Togo.[31]
 Ethiopia 11 December 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 December 1982 when Ambassador of Ethiopia (resident in Accra) Mr. Kasate Berham Babina presented letters of credence to President of Togo Gnassingbe Eyadema.[61]
 France 27 April 1960 See France–Togo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960[1]

  • France has an embassy in Lomé.
  • Togo has an embassy in Paris.
 Gabon 21 June 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1968 when Ambassador of Gabon to Togo (resident in Abidjan) Mr. Abdoulaye M'Bingt presented his credentials.[31]
  • Gabon has a high commission in Lomé.
  • Togo has a high commission in Libreville.
 Germany 27 April 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960[2]

See Germany–Togo relations

  • Germany has an embassy in Lomé.
  • Togo has an embassy in Berlin.
 Ghana 21 January 1963 See Ghana–Togo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1963.[25]

After 1918, following the defeat of Germany, the League of Nations divided the German colony of Togoland from north to south, a decision that divided the Ewe people among the Gold Coast, British Togoland, and French Togoland. After 1945, the United Nations (UN) took over the Togoland mandates. During the 1950s, when the independence of Ghana was in sight, demands grew for a separate Ewe state, an idea that Kwame Nkrumah, leader of the Gold Coast independence movement, opposed. Following a UN plebiscite in May 1956, in which a majority of the Ewe voted for union with Ghana, British Togoland became part of the Gold Coast.[139][140] After Togolese independence in 1960, relations between Togo and Ghana deteriorated, aggravated by political differences and incidents such as smuggling across their common border. At times, relations have verged on open aggression.[139]

The result of the transfer of Togoland to Ghana has meant that many Togolese keep one foot on either side of the border, living in Ghana by night and working in the markets of the capital, Lomé, by day.[140]

  • Ghana has a high commission in Lomé.
  • Togo has a high commission in Accra.
 India 31 August 1962 See India–Togo relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1962[19]

  • India has a high commission in Lomé.
  • Togo has a high commission in New Delhi.
 Israel 8 September 1960

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 September 1960 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Israel to Togo (resident in Accra) Mr. Moshe Bitan.[8] Togo severed ties with Israel on 21 September 1973.[141] Diplomatic relations were re-established on 9 June 1987.[142]

In August 2017, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu received Togo's President Faure Essozimna Gnassingbe in Jerusalem during his official five-day trip to Israel.[143][144] In December 2017, Togo voted at the UN to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.[144]

 Japan 29 May 1967
  • Japan is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
  • Togo has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Kenya 9 April 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 April 1985 when Ambassador of Kenya Mr. Kefa Onyoni presented letters of credentials to President of Togo, general Gnassingbe Eyadema.[66]
 Kuwait 6 October 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 2010 when has been opened Embassy of Togo in Kuwait.[95]
  • Kuwait is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Cotonou, Benin.
  • Togo has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Lebanon 7 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1962 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Togo (resident in Dakar) Mr. Mohammed Ali Hamade presented his credentials.[18]
 Liberia 29 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1960 when accredited first Ambassador of Liberia to Togo Mr. John Cox.[7]
 Libya 3 November 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1973.[42]
  • Libya has an embassy in Lomé.
  • Togo had an embassy in Tripoli, which closed in 2015.
 Mexico 25 October 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1975[46]
  • Mexico is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Togo is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[145]
 Netherlands 5 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961[13]
  • Netherlands is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Togo is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
 Nigeria 1962
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Lomé.
  • Togo has a high commission in Abuja.
 Pakistan 8 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1964 when M. Mir Muhammed Shaikh , Pakistan's first Ambassador to Togo , presented his credentials.[27]
 Palestine

During the votes to admit Palestine to UNESCO as a member state in October 2011 and as Non-Member Observer State, in November 2012 Togo abstained from the voting.

 Senegal 1 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1976 when Senegal's first Ambassador to Togo , Mr. Massamba Codou Diouf , presented his credentials to President Eyadéma.[48]
 South Africa 13 January 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1997
  • South Africa is accredited to Togo from its high commission in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
  • Togo has a high commission in Pretoria.
 South Korea 26 July 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1963,[26] but severed 16 September 1974 and re-established on 23 January 1991[146]

 Spain 22 October 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1965[28]
  • Spain is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Togo is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
 Tanzania 27 December 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1984 when Ambassador of Tanzania major general S. H. Sarakikya presented his credentials to President of Togo.[65]
 Turkey 6 December 1962 See Togo–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1962 when accredited first Ambassador of Turkey to Togo (resident in Accra) Mr. Kamran Acet.[22]

  • Turkey has an embassy in Lomé.[147]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was $106 million USD in 2019.[147]
 United Kingdom 27 April 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960[3]
  • Togo has a high commission in London.
  • United Kingdom is accredited to Togo from its high commission in Accra, Ghana.
 United States 27 April 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960[4]

See Togo–United States relations

The United States and Togo have had generally good relations since its independence, although the United States has never been one of Togo's major trading partners. The largest share of U.S. exports to Togo generally has been used clothing and scrap textiles. Other important U.S. exports include rice, wheat, shoes, and tobacco products, and U.S. personal computers and other office electronics are becoming more widely used.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a l'etranger depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 103. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Togo: Überblick". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  3. ^ a b The Diplomatic Service List Volume 1. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1966. p. 128.
  4. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Togo". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  5. ^ "DiploHistory: 57 years ago Russia and the Togolese Republic established diplomatic relations". MFA Russia. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  6. ^ "No 1631. Nomination de M. René Keller en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la Confédération suisse au Ghana, en Guinée, au Libéria et au Togo, avec résidence à Accra; sa promotion au grade de ministre de II classe". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  7. ^ a b Togo Handbook (in French). Togo Service de l'information. 1962. p. 66.
  8. ^ a b Togo Handbook. Togo Service de l'information. 1962. p. 66. Ambassade d'Israël S.E.M. Moshe Bitan ... 8 sept. 1960
  9. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 552. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  10. ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1960. p. 45.
  11. ^ Pavol Petruf. "Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992" (PDF) (in Slovak). p. 105. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  12. ^ Europe, France outremer Issues 371-381 (in French). 1960. p. 73. ... M. Léon Maka, ambassadeur de Guinée au Togo , et M. Anvar Marassoulovich Kouchkarov , ambassadeur de l'U.R.S.S . au Togo , ont présenté leurs lettres de créance au président Olympio.
  13. ^ a b Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1961. p. 99.
  14. ^ Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383-392 [TOGO : Belgique : Ambassadeur (résidant à Abidjan) M. Gérard Walravens] (in French). Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. 1961. p. 191.
  15. ^ Who's who in Belgium and Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Intercontinental Book & Publishing Company, Limited. 1962. p. 1136. WALRAVENS , Gérard Alfred Jean , Belgian Ambassador to the Ivory Coast , Upper Volta , Togo , Dahomey and Niger ( October 1961 )
  16. ^ Afrique Volumes 1-7 (in French). Société internationale de publications commerciales, culturelles et artistiques. 1961. p. 44. Lomé . M. Renzo Luigi Romanelli , premier ambassadeur d'Italie à Lomé , a remis ses lettres de créance à M. Sylvanus Olympio , président de la république du Togo
  17. ^ a b "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  18. ^ a b Afrique - Volumes 14-19 (in French). Société internationale de publications commerciales, culturelles et artistiques. 1962. p. 64.
  19. ^ a b Indian Information. 1962. p. 578.
  20. ^ a b "Cria uma Embaixada do Brasil na República do Togo, cumulativa com a Embaixada do Brasil na República de Gana". PORTAL DE LEGISLAÇÃO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  21. ^ Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383-392 (in French). Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. 1961. p. 73. M. Dia Salifou, délégué permanent du Niger au Dahomey, est également accrédité auprès du Togo
  22. ^ a b "DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI" (PDF). diad.mfa.gov.tr (in Turkish). p. 872. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  23. ^ Bogdan Grzeloński (2006). Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku (in Polish). Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. p. 129.
  24. ^ Handbook of Commerce and Industry in Nigeria Volume 5. Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Information. 1962. p. 41.
  25. ^ a b Africa Diary Volume 3. M. Chhabra. 1963. p. 986.
  26. ^ a b "Togo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  27. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin Africa, political, social and cultural series · Volume 1. Africa Research, Limited. 1964. p. 80.
  28. ^ a b "Togo: RELACIONES BILATERALES CON ESPAÑA" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). p. 5. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  29. ^ "Togo". République Tunisienne Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (in French). Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  30. ^ Réalité togolaise (in French). 1967. p. 15. Lettres de créance du premier ambassadeur du Japon au Togo. ... présentation des lettres de créance qui s'est déroulée au palais de la présidence le 29 mai dernier revêtielle .
  31. ^ a b c d Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 514-526 (in French). La Documentation africaine. 1968.
  32. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3343-3419. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1970. p. 9.
  33. ^ a b Africa. Agence France Presse. 1970. p. 2.
  34. ^ Internationales Afrika Forum Volumes 6-7 (in German). 1970. p. 83. ... August Tarter, der Österreich in Senegal, Elfenbeinküste, Dahomey, Obervolta, Mauretanien, Niger und Togo vertreten wird, hat seine Beglaubigungsschreiben überreicht.
  35. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  36. ^ ""Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). April 27, 1999. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  37. ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1972_2" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 29. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  38. ^ a b "Togo". china.org.cn. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  39. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1254-1264. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1973.
  40. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). ncnk.org. August 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  41. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire, 743–762 (in French). Ediafric. 1973. Ouverture de relations diplomatiques, au niveau des ambassades, entre le Togo et l'Ordre souverain de Malte.
  42. ^ a b Africa Contemporary Record Annual Survey and Documents · Volume 6. Africana Publishing Company. 1974. p. 63.
  43. ^ "Declaración Conjunta estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas y Consulares entre la República Argentina y la República Togolesa". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados Argentina (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  44. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  45. ^ "Togolese Republic". vietnam.gov.vn. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  46. ^ a b "Hoy conmemoramos el 47 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Togo". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  47. ^ Notes d'information et statistiques Issues 224-229 (in French). Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. 1975. p. 31. 18-21 novembre ... le Togo et la Somalie décident d'établir des relations diplomatiques...
  48. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1976. p. 4051.
  49. ^ Entente africaine - Issues 28-29 (in English and French). Presse africaine associée. 1979. p. 6.
  50. ^ Revue française d'études politiques africaines Issues 133-139 (in French). Société africaine d'édition. 1977. p. 39. TOGO ... 25 - Etablissement de relations diplomatiques avec l'Albanie
  51. ^ "Främmande makters beskickningar". Sveriges statskalender / 1984 / (in Swedish). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  52. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Portugal and Togo as of 17 Mar. 1978". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  53. ^ "Mediante Comunicado Conjunto de 18/01/1979, atesorado en los fondos documentales de las Repúblicas de Cuba y Togo establecieron relaciones diplomáticas". CG Documental MINREX (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  54. ^ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens - Volume 35 (in French). 1979. p. 1673.
  55. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1980. Выпуск двадцать четвертый. Зарубежные страны" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 240. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  56. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1980. p. 7.
  57. ^ Sub-Saharan Africa Report - Issues 2261-2264 - Page 19. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1980.
  58. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  59. ^ Le mois en Afrique Issues 188-193 (in French). 1981. p. 157. ... mouvement diplomatique en Haute - Volta - OUAGADOUGOU , 18 août . M. Jean - Paul Tibila Bamogho est nommé ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire auprès du Ghana et de la République du Togo avec résidence à Accra .
  60. ^ Le Mois en Afrique Issues 200-202 (in French). 1982. p. 166. Lome, 8 juillet. - Trois nouveaux ambassadeurs au Togo , MM . Farouk Shelbaya , d'Egypte , Al Racheed Ab Shama , du Soudan , et Vasile Chivu Lescu de Roumanie , ont présenté leurs lettres de créances au chef de l'Etat , le général Gnassingbe Eyadema .
  61. ^ a b Le Mois en Afrique - Volume 17, Issues 194-199 (in French). 1982. p. 158.
  62. ^ a b Togo dialogue - Issues 74-88. Imprimerie Editogo. 1983. p. 33.
  63. ^ "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 16, 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  64. ^ Le Mois en Afrique - Volume 19, Issues 215-220 (in French). 1984. p. 171. BRAZZAVILLE, August 6. Two new ambassadors officially took up their functions in Congo by presenting their credentials to Colonel Denis Sassou Nguesso. They are ... Mr. Gniopan (Togo)
  65. ^ a b Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Issues 1991-2003 (in French). 1984. p. 28.
  66. ^ a b Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Issues 2056-2068 (in French). 195. p. 1007.
  67. ^ a b Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Issues 2056-2068 (in French). 1985. p. 1007.
  68. ^ "Embassy of the State of Palestine – Republic of Togo". State of Palestine Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Arabic). Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  69. ^ "สาธารณรัฐโตโก (Togo)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand (in Thai). Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  70. ^ a b NewsBulletin - Issues 87-114. ANGOP. 1988. p. 10.
  71. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Togo as of 29 Sept. 1988". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  72. ^ "Tal día como hoy se cumplen 30 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Venezuela y Togo". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  73. ^ "Togo: Základné informácie". mzv.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  74. ^ "Togo (The Republic of )". dirco.gov.za. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  75. ^ "العلاقات الثنائية". mofa.gov.qa (in Arabic). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  76. ^ Directory of Iranian Officials Volumes 7-22. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1998. p. 78.
  77. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as of 14 Apr. 1998". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  78. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Slovenia as of 31 July 1998". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  79. ^ "Partnership". Embassy of Ukraine in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  80. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Philippines and Togo as of 24 Aug. 2000". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  81. ^ "Negara Brunei Darussalam jalin hubungan diplomatik dengan Republik Togo" (PDF). (Pelita Brunei 25 Disember 2002/1423, Muka 7) (in Malay). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  82. ^ "Bilateral Relations: Togo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  83. ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Togo". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  85. ^ "Togo". Royaume du Maroc Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation (in French). Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  86. ^ "Cancilleres de Uruguay y Togo firmaron establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas". /archivo.presidencia.gub.uy (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  87. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and United Arab Emirates as of 6 Dec. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  88. ^ "Nouveaux ambassadeurs à Lomé". republicoftogo.com (in French). 26 December 2007. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  89. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Malta as of 16 May 2008". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  90. ^ "Togo: L'ambassadeur d'Israël présente ses lettres de créances". allAfrica (in French). 21 August 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  91. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Australia as of 22 July 2009". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  92. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Finland and Togo as of 12 May 2010". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  93. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Cambodia as of 6 Aug. 2010". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  94. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Belarus as of 28 Sept. 2010". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  95. ^ a b "Bienvenue à l'ambassade du Togo à l'Etat du Koweït". Ambassade du Togo au Koweit (in French). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  96. ^ "Head of Diplomatic Mission (in order of precedence)" (PDF). Republic of Namibia Diplomatic List. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  97. ^ "The Togolese Republic". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  98. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Fiji and Togo as of 31 May 2011". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  99. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and Singapore as of 15 June 2012". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  100. ^ "Togo". Government of Montenegro. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  101. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Mongolia and Togo as of 6 Sept. 2013". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  102. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and Georgia as of 27 May 2014". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  103. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Lithuania and Togo as of 22 Sept. 2014". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  104. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Estonia and Togo as of 23 Sept. 2014". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  105. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and Latvia as of 23 Sept. 2014". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  106. ^ "States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  107. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and Kazakhstan as of 9 Oct. 2014". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  108. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and Seychelles as of 3 Mar. 2015". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  109. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and El Salvador as of 20 Mar. 2015". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  110. ^ "Iavoloha : 4 ambassadeurs chez Hery Rajaonarimampianina, hier". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  111. ^ "Diplomatic Relations between Togo and Cyprus as of 24 Sept. 2015". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  112. ^ "Sri Lanka establishes Diplomatic ties with Togo". news.lk. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  113. ^ a b "Le Togo établit des relations diplomatiques avec le Chili et le Kirghizistan". aLome.com (in French). 1 October 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  114. ^ "La politique extérieure de la Principauté de Monaco en 2016" (PDF) (in French). p. 7. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  115. ^ "Le Président de la République reçoit les Lettres de Créance du nouvel Ambassadeur d'Ethiopie à Djibouti". presidence.dj (in French). 15 February 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  116. ^ "List of states with which the Republic of Tajikistan established diplomatic relations" (PDF). mfa.tj. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  117. ^ a b "11 nouveaux ambassadeurs présentent leurs lettres de créances". TogoBreakingNews (in French). 7 October 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  118. ^ "Nouveaux ambassadeurs à Lomé". togodiplomatie.info (in French). 17 January 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  119. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Mauritius and Togo as of 22 February 2017". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  120. ^ "Oman, Togo set up diplomatic ties". Oman Observer. June 5, 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  121. ^ "Relation diplomatique entre Andorre et le Togo". france.ambassadetogo.org (in French). November 23, 2017. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  122. ^ "Establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Perú y Togo". gob.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  123. ^ "St. Kitts and Nevis and Republic of Togo establish diplomatic relations". sknis.gov.kn. September 26, 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  124. ^ a b "Relations diplomatiques avec l'Irlande et Saint-Marin". Togo Diplomatie (in French). 1 March 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  125. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Nepal and Togo as of 22 Mar. 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  126. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Republic of Panama and Togo as of 26 Mar. 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  127. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Republic of the Union of Myanmar and Togolese Republic as of 31 July 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  128. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Nicaragua as of 23 Oct. 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  129. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Togo as of 24 Oct. 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  130. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Jamaica and Togo as of 23 Nov. 2021". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  131. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Dominican Republic as at 20 Sept. 2022". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  132. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Bahrain and Togo as at 21 Sept. 2022". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  133. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Maldives and Togo as of 3 May 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  134. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Croatia and Togo as of 18 September 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  135. ^ "En el marco de la AGNU78, el Canciller Rogelio Mayta Bo y su par de la República Togolesa, R. Dussey, firmaron el comunicado de Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre ambos países". Cancillería de Bolivia (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  136. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Guatemala and Togo as of 22 September 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  137. ^ "Relations diplomatiques entre le Togo et le Congo Brazzaville" (in French). 8 November 2023. p. 3. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  138. ^ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Cyprus – International Organizations". www.mfa.gov.cy. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  139. ^ a b Owusu, Maxwell. "Relations with Immediate African Neighbors". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.[1]
  140. ^ a b "Impressions of Togo after the 'coup'". 18 February 2005. Retrieved 30 December 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  141. ^ Benyamin Neuberger. "Israel's Relations with the Third World (1948–2008)" (PDF). tau.ac.il. p. 19. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  142. ^ Africa Today. Africa Journal Limited. 1991. p. 1860.
  143. ^ "Israel-African relations improve as Togo President visits Israel". BICOM. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  144. ^ a b "President visits Israel". country.eiu.com. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  145. ^ "togoleseembassy.com - togoleseembassy Resources and Information". www.togoleseembassy.com. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  146. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Togo and Republic of Korea as of 23 Jan 1991". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  147. ^ a b "Relations between Turkey and Togo".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Togo&oldid=1219302584"