File:Volcanoes near Usulután, El Salvador.jpg

Summary

Description	English: This astronaut photograph includes four stratovolcanoes—a type of volcano common in active subduction zones—in El Salvador, near the midpoint of the Central American Volcanic Arc. While all of the volcanoes shown here have been active during the Holocene Epoch (from about 10,000 years ago to the present), only the 2,130-meter high San Miguel (also known as Chaparrastique) has been active during historical times. The most recent activity of San Miguel was a minor gas and ash emission in 2013. The stratovolcano’s steep cone shape and well-developed summit crater are evident, along with dark lava flows. Immediately to the north-west, the truncated summit of Chinameca Volcano (also known as El Pacayal) is marked by a two-kilometre wide caldera. The caldera formed when a powerful eruption emptied the volcano’s magma chamber, causing the chamber’s roof to collapse. Like its neighbour San Miguel, Chinameca’s slopes host coffee plantations. Moving to the west, the eroded cone of El Tigre Volcano is visible. El Tigre formed during the Pleistocene Epoch (1.8 million to about 10,000 years ago), and it is likely the oldest of the stratovolcanoes in the image. Usulután Volcano is directly south-west of El Tigre. While the flanks of Usulután have been dissected by streams, the mountain still retains a summit crater that is breached on the eastern side. Several urban areas—recognizable as light grey to white regions contrasting with green vegetation and tan fallow agricultural fields—are located in the vicinity of these volcanoes, including the town of Usulután (lower left) and Santiago de María (upper left).
Date	26 April 2010
Source	NASA Earth Observatory
Author	NASA Expedition 23 crew

Camera location	13° 24′ 00.1″ N, 88° 17′ 59.9″ W	View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap	13.400028; -88.299972

This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS023-E-22411.

This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing.

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Image acquired with a Nikon D3X digital camera fitted with an effective 340 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.

Licensing

	This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.)
	Warnings: Use of NASA logos, insignia and emblems is restricted per U.S. law 14 CFR 1221. The NASA website hosts a large number of images from the Soviet/Russian space agency, and other non-American space agencies. These are not necessarily in the public domain. Materials based on Hubble Space Telescope data may be copyrighted if they are not explicitly produced by the STScI.[1] See also {{PD-Hubble}} and {{Cc-Hubble}}. The SOHO (ESA & NASA) joint project implies that all materials created by its probe are copyrighted and require permission for commercial non-educational use. [2] Images featured on the Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) web site may be copyrighted. [3] The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) site has been known to host copyrighted content. Its photo gallery FAQ states that all of the images in the photo gallery are in the public domain "Unless otherwise noted."

Annotations

This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons

Image title	102 SSC2_No_Folder _33R
Camera manufacturer	NIKON CORPORATION
Camera model	NIKON D3X
Exposure time	1/640 sec (0.0015625)
F-number	f/5.6
ISO speed rating	200
Date and time of data generation	22:29, 31 March 2010
Lens focal length	340 mm
Orientation	Normal
Horizontal resolution	300 dpi
Vertical resolution	300 dpi
Software used	Microsoft Windows Photo Gallery 6.0.6001.18000
File change date and time	11:55, 26 April 2010
Exposure Program	Aperture priority
Exif version	2.21
Date and time of digitizing	22:29, 31 March 2010
Shutter speed	9.321928
APEX aperture	4.970854
Exposure bias	0
Maximum land aperture	5 APEX (f/5.66)
Metering mode	Pattern
Light source	Unknown
Flash	Flash did not fire
DateTime subseconds	33
DateTimeOriginal subseconds	33
DateTimeDigitized subseconds	33
Sensing method	One-chip color area sensor
Custom image processing	Normal process
Exposure mode	Auto exposure
White balance	Auto white balance
Digital zoom ratio	1
Focal length in 35 mm film	340 mm
Scene capture type	Standard
Contrast	Normal
Saturation	Normal
Sharpness	Normal
Subject distance range	Unknown
Unique image ID	AC483624D07C4AC2BF6D5AEDFA3F0CEA

File:Volcanoes near Usulután, El Salvador.jpg

Summary

Licensing

Captions

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

significant event

Expedition 23

copyright status

public domain

inception

26 April 2010

coordinates of the point of view

13°24'0.101"N, 88°17'59.899"W

captured with

Nikon D3X

catalog code

ISS023-E-22411

File history

File usage

Global file usage

Metadata