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Summary
DescriptionSyria under the Seleucids 95 BC.svg
English: Following the defeath of Antiochus VII (died 129 BC) against Pathia, Syria contracted to the west of the Euphrates.[1] Parthia established the river as its western border and included Osroene.[2] To the north, the kingdom of Commagene bordered the Euphrates in the East, Cappadocia in the north (and included Melitene (Malatya) in its borders), the Amanus range in the west and Syria in the south (where Zeugma was the first Syrian city).[3] In the west, Cilicia between the Calycadnus river (Göksu) and the Orontes valley was under the rule of the Seleucids;[4][5] the Romans established a province of Cilicia in 102 BC but it did not include areas geographically in the region and the city of Side was the eastern point of that province.[6] In the south, Galilee fell to Judae except for the coastal city Ptolemais (Acre);[7][8] the latter remained part of Syria until the end of the Seleucid dynasty in 64 BC,[9] and it was the base for Antiochus X's widow Cleopatra Selene,[10] who was probably a resident of the city when her husband died.[11] Eastern Jordan was shared between the Nabateans and Judae whose king Alexander Jannaeus conquered Gadara in 100 BC.[12][13]
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SVG version of Attar-Aram syria's Syria under the Seleucids 95 BC.jpg
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Constantine Plakidas
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↑Hogg, Hope W. (1911) "Mesopotamia" in The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, 18 (11th ed.), New York. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 342 Madison Avenue, p. 184 OCLC: 1303014.
↑Kia, Mehrdad (2016) The Persian Empire. A Historical Encyclopedia, Empires of the World, 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 55 ISBN: 978-1-61069-390-5.
↑Goell, Theresa (1996) "Ancient Sources and Previous Scholarship" in Sanders, Donald H. , ed. Nemrud Dagi. The Hierothesion of Antiochus I of Commagene - Results of the American Excavations, 1: Texts, Eisenbrauns, p. 22 ISBN: 978-1-57506-015-6.
↑ (1988). "A Hoard of Aegean Tetradrachms and the Autonomous Tetradrachms of Elaeusa Sebast". Museum Notes33: 85. The American Numismatic Society. ISSN 0145-1413.
↑ (2011). "The Route Taken by Cilicia to Provincial Status: When and Why?". Olba: The Journal of Research Center for Cilician Archaeology19: 268, 273. Mersin University Publicattions of the Research Center of Cilician Archaeology [KAAM]. ISSN 7667 1301 7667.
↑Chancey, Mark A. (2002) The Myth of a Gentile Galilee, Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, 118, Cambridge University Press, p. 45 ISBN: 978-0-511-48792-7.
↑Smallwood, E. Mary (1976) The Jews Under Roman Rule: From Pompey to Diocletian, Brill, p. 15 ISBN: 978-90-04-04491-3.
↑Kadman, Leo (1961) The Coins of Akko Ptolemais, Corpus nummorum Palaestinensium, IV, Schocken Publishing House, p. 21 OCLC: 716861188.
↑Whitehorne, John (1994) Cleopatras, Routledge, p. 169 ISBN: 978-0-415-05806-3.
↑Rababeh, Shaher Moh'd Ahmad (2006) How Petra was Built: an Analysis of the Construction Techniques of the Nabataean Freestanding Buildings and Rock-Cut Monuments in Petra, Jordan, British Archaeological Reports International Series, 1460, BAR Publishing, p. 10 ISBN: 978-1-841-71898-9.
↑"Gadara (Irbid, Jordan)" in (1996) International Dictionary of Historic Places, 4 (Middle East and Africe), Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, p. 284 ISBN: 978-1-884964-03-9.
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16:42, 30 June 2018
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Cplakidas
fixing things missed from original map: correcting border at Gadara; adding Galilee as a region, changing Judea to font denoting a state; adding Nisibis
16:35, 30 June 2018
1,014 × 944 (2.59 MB)
Cplakidas
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