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"Farewell of Slavianka" (Russian: Прощание славянки[a], romanized: Proshchaniye slavianki) is a Russian patriotic march, written by the composer Vasily Agapkin in honour of Slavic women accompanying their husbands in the First Balkan War.[1] The march was written and premiered in Tambov in the end of 1912. In the summer of 1915, it was released as a gramophone single in Kiev. Slavianka means "Slavic woman".
History
The melody gained popularity in Russia and adjoining countries during the First World War, when the Russian soldiers left their homes and were accompanied by the music of the march. It was also performed during the parade of 7 November 1941 on the Red Square after which soldiers went straight to fight in the Battle of Moscow as part of the Second World War.[2] This march was also used as an unofficial anthem of Admiral Kolchak's White Army.
Sources alleged that the song was banned prior to its use in the award-winning 1957 film The Cranes Are Flying, because of its lyrics about supposedly banned subjects. However, there are multiple documentations of the song being performed prior to this, many conducted by Agapkin himself. The earliest recorded publication of Farewell to Slavianka in the Soviet era was in 1929, and its earliest known performance by communist troops was in 1918.[3] Most famously, it was one of four marching tunes performed during the 1941 October Revolution Parade on the Red Square.[4] The song was originally published by Zimmerman Production Association around 1912.[5] The march was published in an official collection of music for Red Army orchestras,[6] and it was recorded in the early 1940s by a military orchestra under the conductor Ivan Petrov (1906–1975), but different lyrics were then used. Other lyrics are now usually sung by the Red Army Choir.
Subsequently, several composers have written lyrics for the music in various languages. During the Finnish Civil War the Finnish Reds adapted the song into Vapaa Venäjä, a working class marching song. During the Second World War in German-occupied Poland, an adapted "underground" version of the song, Rozszumiały się wierzby płaczące ("Weeping Willows Began to Hum"), became popular in the Polish resistance and was based on lyrics by Roman Ślęzak.[7]
In the 1990s, the liberal political party Yabloko lobbied unsuccessfully for the march to be adopted as the Russian national anthem.[8]
"Farewell of Slavianka" was used in movies like The Cranes Are Flying and Charlie Wilson's War, which is about the Soviet–Afghan War, and in the Russian movies 72 Meters (72 метра) and Prisoner of the Mountains (Кавказский пленник, Kavkazskiy plennik). An instrumental version of the song was also featured in the 1974 Soviet film At Home Among Strangers (Свой среди чужих, чужой среди своих; Svoy sredi chuzhikh, chuzhoy sredi svoikh), and the 1990 Ukrainian film Raspad ("Decay") during the Pripyat evacuation scene.
A Hebrew version was written in 1945 by the singer/songwriter Haim Hefer for the Palmach. In his version of the song, בין גבולות ("Between Borders"), Hefer coined the phrase אָנוּ פֹּה חוֹמַת מָגֵן (We are here a defensive wall), which was used by Israel Defense Forces to call Operation Defensive Shield (literally "Operation Defensive Wall") in 2002.[9]
Lyrics
1967 version
The Farewell of Slavianka first received official lyrics under the Soviet leadership that were appropriate for the time's political climate, but references to Russian culture, religion and patriotism were changed. The new version by A. Fedotov.
The first version under the Soviet Union (1941) did not mention the Battle of Berlin, unlike the later version (1967).
Russian original[10][11]
Romanized Russian script
English translation
Этот марш не смолкал на перронах
Когда враг заслонял горизонт.
С ним отцов наших в дымных вагонах
Поезда увозили на фронт.
Он Москву отстоял в сорок первом,
В сорок пятом шагал на Берлин,
Он c солдатом прошёл до Победы
По дорогам нелёгких годин.
И если в поход
Страна позовёт,
За край наш родной
Мы все пойдём в священный бой!
Шумят в полях хлеба.
Шагает Отчизна моя
К высотам счастья,
Сквозь все ненастья,
Дорогой мира и труда.
Etot marsh ne smolkal na perronakh
Kogda vrag zaslonyal gorizont.
S nim ottsov nashikh v dymnykh vagonakh
Poyezda uvozili na front.
On Moskvu otstoyal v sorok pervom,
V sorok pyatom shagal na Berlin,
On s soldatom proshyol do pobedy
Po dorogam nelyogkikh godin.
I yesli v pokhod
strana pozovyot,
Za kray nash rodnoy
My vse poydyom v svyashchennyy boy!
Shumyat v polyakh khleba.
Shagayet otchizna moya
K vysotam schast'ya,
Skvoz' vse nenast'ya,
Dorogoy mira i truda.
This march on the platforms wasn't silent
When the foe clouded the horizon .
our fathers in smoking railcars with it
Were by trains brought to the front.
And if the country
Calleth us on a campaign
For our native land
We all shall march to sacred war!
Wheat rustleth in the fields,
My Fatherland marcheth
To the heights of joy
Through all misfortunes
On the path of peace and labour.
1984 version
Another version of the lyrics was written by Vladimir Lazarev in 1984 and has gained the popularity since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 because of the slower tempo and the added human fragility factor ("Farewell, fatherland, remember us, … … not all of us will come back. ...").[12]
Russian original[12]
Romanized Russian script
English translation
Наступает минута прощания,
Ты глядишь мне тревожно в глаза,
И ловлю я родное дыхание,
А вдали уже дышит гроза.
Дрогнул воздух туманный и синий,
И тревога коснулась висков,
И зовёт нас на подвиг Россия,
Веет ветром от шага полков.
Прощай, отчий край,
Ты нас вспоминай,
Прощай, милый взгляд,
Прости-прощай, прости-прощай.
Прощай, отчий край,
Ты нас вспоминай,
Прощай, милый взгляд,
Не все из нас придут назад.
Летят, летят года,
Уходят во мглу поезда,
А в них — солдаты.
И в небе тёмном,
Горит солдатская звезда.
Nastupayet minuta proshchaniya,
Ty glyadish' mne trevozhno v glaza,
I lovlyu ya rodnoye dykhaniye,
A vdali uzhe dyshit groza.
Drognul vozdukh tumannyy i siniy,
I trevoga kosnulas' viskov,
I zovyot nas na podvig Rossiya,
Veyet vetrom ot shaga polkov.
Proshchay, otchiy kray,
Ty nas vspominay,
Proshchay, milyy vzglyad,
Prosti-proshchay, prosti-proshchay.
Proshchay, otchiy kray,
Ty nas vspominay,
Proshchay, milyy vzglyad,
Ne vse iz nas pridut nazad.
Letyat, letyat goda,
Ukhodyat vo mglu poyezda,
A v nikh — soldaty.
I v nebe tyomnom,
Gorit soldatskaya zvezda
The minute of parting is near,
You look into my eyes with anxiety.
I can feel your breath,
A storm is forming far away already.
The heavy, misty air is trembling,
Anxiety has touched my temples.
Russia calls us for heroic doings,
One can feel the wind of the marching regiments.
Farewell, homeland,
Remember us.
Farewell, o dear gaze,
Not all of us will come back.
Fly, fly through the years,
Trains disappear in the darkness.
In them are soldiers,
And in the dark sky
Shineth the soldier's star.
1997 version
A White Army version of the march, written by Andrei Mingalyov, was created after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[13]
Russian original[12]
Romanized Russian script
English translation
I
Встань за Веру, Русская Земля!
Много песен мы в сердце сложили,
Воспевая родные края
Беззаветно тебя мы любили,
Святорусская наша земля.
Высоко ты главу поднимала –
Словно солнце твой лик воссиял.
Но ты жертвою подлости стала –
Тех, кто предал тебя и продал!
Припев:
И снова в поход труба нас зовёт.
Мы все встанем в строй
И все пойдём в священный бой.
II
Встань за Веру, Русская земля!
Ждут победы России святые.
Отзовись, православная рать!
Где Илья твой и где твой Добрыня?
Сыновей кличет Родина-мать.
Под хоругви мы встанем все смело
Крестным ходом с молитвой пойдём,
За Российское правое дело
Кровь мы русскую честно прольём.
Припев
III
Встань за Веру, Русская Земля!
Все мы – дети великой Державы,
Все мы помним заветы отцов
Ради Родины, Чести и Славы
Не жалей ни себя, ни врагов.
Встань, Россия, из рабского плена,
Дух победы зовёт: в бой, пора!
Подними боевые знамена
Ради Веры, Любви и Добра!
Припев
I
Vstan' za Veru, Russkaya Zemlya!
Mnogo pesen my v serdtse slozhili,
Vospevaya rodnyye kraya
Bezzavetno tebya my lyubili,
Svyatorusskaya nasha zemlya.
Vysoko ty glavu podnimala –
Slovno solntse tvoy lik vossiyal.
No ty zhertvoyu podlosti stala –
Tekh, kto predal tebya i prodal!
Pripev:
I snova v pokhod truba nas zovyot.
My vse vstanem v stroy
I vse poydyom v svyashchennyy boy.
II
Vstan' za Veru, Russkaya Zemlya!
Zhdut pobedy Rossii svyatyye.
Otzovis', pravoslavnaya rat'!
Gde Il'ya tvoy i gde tvoy Dobrynya?
Synovey klichet Rodina-mat'.
Pod khorugvi my vstanem vse smelo
Krestnym khodom s molitvoy poydyom,
Za Rossiyskoye pravoye delo
Krov' my russkuyu chestno prol'yom.
Pripev
III
Vstan' za Veru, Russkaya Zemlya!
Vse my – deti velikoy derzhavy,
Vse my pomnim zavety ottsov
Radi Rodiny, Chesti i Slavy
Ne zhaley ni sebya, ni vragov.
Vstan', Rossiya, iz rabskogo plena,
Dukh pobedy zovyot: v boy, pora!
Podnimi boyevyye znamena
Radi Very, Lyubvi i Dobra!
Pripev
I
Arise for faith, o Russian land!
We composed many a song in our heart,
Glorifying the native land.
We loved thee no matter what,
Thou, our holy Russian land.
Thou hast raised thy head high,
Thy face was shining like the sun.
But thou hast become a victim of betrayal –
by those who have thee cheated and sold!
Chorus:
And again in march trumpet calleth us.
We all stand in order
And go to the holy battle.
II
Arise for faith, o Russian Motherland!
The saints await Russia's victory.
Respond, o Orthodox host!
Where is thine Ilya, where is thy Dobrynya?
Mother Homeland summoneth her sons.
We will stand all together under the gonfalons.
And go, praying, as a procession,
For the right cause of Russia
We will shed Russian blood honestly.
Chorus
III
Arise for faith, o Russian land!
We are all children of a great empire,
We all remember the commandments of our fathers:
For the Homeland, Honor, Glory,
Pity neither thyself nor the enemy.
Arise, Russia, from thy prison of slavery,
Victory's spirit is called: time for battle!
Rise thy battle flags
For Faith, Love, and Good.
Chorus
Tambov Oblast anthem
The Farewell of Slavianka melody was used for the Tambov Oblast anthem, whose lyrics were written on 22 May 2002 by A. Mitrofanov.[14]
Russian original[14]
Romanized Russian script
English translation
I
На просторах бескрайних и синих,
Где берёзы любуются Цной,
В самом сердце великой России
Ты раскинулся, край наш родной.
Полыхали зловеще зарницы,
Но в историю грозных веков
Ты вписал своей славы страницы,
Честь, свободу храня от оков.
Припев:
Тамбовский наш край,
В веках процветай!
Ты славен людьми,
Храни, Господь, тебя, храни!
II
И пусть летят года,
Ты с нами, наш край, навсегда.
Здесь родились мы,
И с этим краем
У нас на всех одна судьба.
Здесь родились мы,
И с этим краем
У нас на всех одна судьба.
Припев
III
С пульсом Родины шаг свой сверяя,
Край любимый наш смотрит вперёд,
Славу верных сынов умножая,
Твёрдой поступью к счастью идёт.
Пусть заметнее будут успехи,
Хорошеет любимый наш край,
На земле благодатной во веки
Цветом яблонь своих расцветай.
Припев
I
Na prostorakh beskraynikh i sinikh,
Gde beryozy lyubuyutsya Tsnoy,
V samom serdtse velikoy Rossii
Ty raskinulsya, kray nash rodnoy.
Polykhali zloveshche zarnitsy,
No v istoriyu groznykh vekov
Ty vpisal svoyey slavy stranitsy,
Chest', svobodu khranya ot okov.
Pripev:
Tambovskiy nash kray,
V vekakh protsvetay!
Ty slaven lyud'mi,
Khrani, Gospod', tebya, khrani!
II
I pust' letyat goda,
Ty s nami, nash kray, navsegda.
Zdes' rodilis' my,
I s etim krayem
U nas na vsekh odna sud'ba.
Zdes' rodilis' my,
I s etim krayem
U nas na vsekh odna sud'ba.
Pripev
III
S pul'som Rodiny shag svoy sveryaya,
Kray lyubimyy nash smotrit vperyod,
Slavu vernykh synov umnozhaya,
Tvyordoy postul'yu k schast'yu idyot.
Pust' zametneye budut uspekhi,
Khorosheyet lyubimyy nash kray,
Na zemle blagodatnoy vo veki
Tsvetom yablon' svoikh rastsvetay.
Pripev
I
In the expanse of endless and blue,
Where birches are admired by Tsna,
In the heart of the great Russia
Thou art spread; our home region.
Heat-lightnings blaze ominously,
But in thy history of terrible centuries
Thou art written the pages of thy glory,
Keep out of the shackles honour and freedom.
Chorus:
Our Tambov Region,
Rise in the centuries!
Thou art the glory by thy people,
The Lord will bless and save thee!
II
Let the years fly,
Thou art with us, our region, forever.
From there were are born,
And with this region
We have one destiny.
From there we are born,
And with this region
We have one destiny.
Chorus
III
Checking thy step with the pulse of the Motherland,
Our lovely region looketh forward,
Multiply the glory of thy faithful sons,
Stepping firmly towards happiness.
Let success be more noticeable,
Our beloved region increaseth in beauty,
On a graceful land forever
Blossom with the colour of thine apple trees.
Chorus
My Comrade in Death Throes
The melody of the song is also used for the poem My Comrade in Death Throes. Here is a sample verse:
^Владимир Соколов. "Прощание славянки", Москва, изд. "Советский композитор", 1987
^"Агапкин Василий Иванович (1884 - 1964) Композитор, дирижер ( 7/12 )". nlr.ru.
^ЗДРАВСТВУЙ, ПРОЩАНИЕ СЛАВЯНКИ
^"Василий Агапкин и его марш "Прощание славянки". Публикации. Литературный журнал Москва". Retrieved 9 January 2018.
^Official ceremonial repertoire for orchestras of the Red Army (Russian: Служебно-строевой репертуар для оркестров Красной Армии – Sluzhebno-stroevoy repertuar dlya orkestrov Krasnoy Armii), Moscow, Voenizdat, 1945. The editor of this collection was the great Russian march composer Semyon Aleksandrovich Chernetskiy (1881–1950), who was from 1925 to 1949 the Head of Military Music Service of the People's Commissariat of Defense, later Ministry of Armed Forces of the Soviet Union.
^"Rozszumiały się wierzby płaczące – Śpiewajmy Polskę!" (in Polish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
^"Прощание Славянки". www.stanford.edu. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
^http://www.zemer.co.il/song.asp?id=119 (Hebrew)
^"Прощание славянки - Этот марш не смолкал на перонах текст песни, слова". Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
^"SovMusic.ru - Прощание славянки".
^ a b cПрощание славянки / Slavic Woman's Farewell%5d "Russia and The Other: A Cultural Approach". Stanford.edu. Stanford University. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
^Прощание славянки / Slavic Woman's Farewell - Patriotic Version "Russia and The Other: A Cultural Approach". Stanford.edu. Stanford University. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
^ a bТекст гимна Тамбовской области, tambov.gov.ru.
^"Ты не ранен, ты просто убит". 28 June 1976. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
^"У ПОБЕДЫ ЛИЦО НАСТРАДАВШЕЕСЯ". 2005.novayagazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
External links
A Chinese rendition with translated (Red Army Choir) lyrics performed by the Male Choir of the People's Armed Police
