Erivan uezd

Erivan uezd
Эриванскій уѣздъ
Uezd
Coat of arms of Erivan uezd
Coat of arms
Location in the Erivan Governorate
Location in the Erivan Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
GovernorateErivan
Established1840
Abolished1930
CapitalErivan
(present-day Yerevan)
Area
 • Total3,100.42 km2 (1,197.08 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total205,617
 • Density66/km2 (170/sq mi)
 • Urban
24.94%
 • Rural
75.06%

The Erivan uezd[a] was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Etchmiadzin and Surmalu uezds to the west, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and Iran to the southwest. It included most of the Ararat Province and southern parts of the Kotayk Province of central Armenia, the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, and the Aras corridor of the Aralık District of the Iğdır Province of Turkey. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Erivan (present-day Yerevan, the capital of Armenia).[1]

Economy

The population was engaged primarily in agricultural farming, gardening, and winemaking. Approximately 50% of the wine in the Erivan Governorate was produced in the Erivan uezd. According to statistical data, there were 129,120 great cattle in the uezd, which made up 11% of the cattle in the whole governorate.[2]

Geography

The northeastern part of the uezd was mountainous and rocky while the southwestern part consisted of steppes and plains. The southwestern part was watered by the Aras River with the lowest altitude of 2,667 ft (813 m) on the border with Sharur-Daralayaz uezd. The administrative center Erivan laid at 3,200 ft (980 m) above sea level, which was the highest point of the uezd. Among the rivers discharging into the Aras were the Zanga, the Garni-chay, and the Vedi-chay, which usually dried out during the summers and became active in the winters.[2]

History

The territory of the uezd had been a part of Persia's Erivan Khanate until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, it was annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840.[3] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Erivan uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate.[4]

In 1918, the uezd became a part of the First Republic of Armenia, partially being occupied by the Ottoman army through much of 1918 as a result of the Treaty of Batum until its reincorporation into Armenian administration in the December of 1918.[5] Many of the Azerbaijanis in the southern rural portions of the uezd, particularly in centers including Böyük Vedi (Vedi), Davalu (Ararat) and Ulukhanlu–Zangibasar (Masis) after being prompted by Kemalist Turkish agents engaged in rebellion against the Armenian government, hostilities lasting from July 1919 until the Sovietization of Armenia.

After the establishment of Soviet power on 3 December 1920, most of the uezd formed part of the Armenian SSR, the center Erivan (Yerevan) serving as the new government's capital.[6] The southernmost parts of the uezd corresponding to the locality of Sadarak became the northernmost section of the new Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR and the outer southwestern strip of the uezd, corresponding to the Aras corridor on the west bank of the Aras river, was ceded to Turkey in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars.[7][8]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Erivan uezd in 1913 were as follows:[9]

Name 1912 population Area
1-y uchastok (1-й участокъ) 39,898 718.98 square versts (818.24 km2; 315.93 sq mi)
2-y uchastok (2-й участокъ) 41,074 259.30 square versts (295.10 km2; 113.94 sq mi)
3-y uchastok (3-й участокъ) 35,862 632.92 square versts (720.30 km2; 278.11 sq mi)
4-y uchastok (4-й участокъ) 48,334 1,113.10 square versts (1,266.78 km2; 489.11 sq mi)

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

Native languages in the Erivan uezd in 1897

  Tatar (51.36%)
  Armenian (38.54%)
  Kurdish (5.43%)
  Russian (2.02%)
  Assyrian (1.52%)
  Other (1.13%)

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Erivan uezd had a population of 150,879 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 82,899 men and 67,980 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar[b] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities.[12]

Linguistic composition of the Erivan uezd in 1897[12]
Language Native speakers %
Tatar[b] 77,491 51.36
Armenian 58,148 38.54
Kurdish 8,195 5.43
Russian 3,052 2.02
Assyrian 2,288 1.52
Ukrainian 652 0.43
Jewish 326 0.22
Polish 196 0.13
Georgian 152 0.10
German 80 0.05
Persian 76 0.05
Lithuanian 59 0.04
Greek 32 0.02
Belarusian 9 0.01
Italian 3 0.00
Mordovian 1 0.00
Turkish 1 0.00
Other 118 0.08
TOTAL 150,879 100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

Nationalities in the Erivan uezd in 1916

  Armenians (52.01%)
  Shia Muslims (41.78%)
  Kurds (3.29%)
  Russians (1.21%)
  Asiatic Christians (0.93%)
  Others (0.78%)

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Erivan uezd had a population of 205,617 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 108,228 men and 97,389 women, 157,100 of whom were the permanent population, and 48,517 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly Armenian population in the capital Erivan, with a significant Shia Muslim population, conversely, in the rural peripheries of the district, the population had a Shia Muslim plurality with a significant Armenian minority:[13]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Armenians 37,223 72.58 69,710 45.17 106,933 52.01
Shia Muslims[c] 12,557 24.48 73,344 47.52 85,901 41.78
Kurds 39 0.08 6,724 4.36 6,763 3.29
Russians 1,059 2.06 1,435 0.93 2,494 1.21
Asiatic Christians 0 0.00 1,916 1.24 1,916 0.93
Sunni Muslims[d] 9 0.02 831 0.54 840 0.41
Jews 196 0.38 81 0.05 277 0.13
Roma 0 0.00 237 0.15 237 0.12
Georgians 203 0.40 3 0.00 206 0.10
North Caucasians 0 0.00 50 0.03 50 0.02
TOTAL 51,286 100.00 154,331 100.00 205,617 100.00

Settlements

According to the 1897 census, there were 82 settlements in the Erivan uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows:[15]

Name Faith TOTAL
Russian Romanized Armenian Apostolic Muslim Eastern Orthodox Jewish Male Female Both
Авшар Avshar 1,164 608 558 1,166
Агамзалу Agamzalu (Marmarashen) 404 376 437 351 788
Агбаш Нижний Agbash Nizhniy (Arevshat) 612 325 301 626
Алимамед Alimamed (abandoned) 965 527 438 965
Арамус Aramus 1,197 643 585 1,228
Арбат Arbat 671 361 310 671
Ардашар Ardashar (Verin Artashat) 1,288 671 628 1,299
Арзни Arzni 121 537 357 301 658
Ариндж Arinj 538 279 259 538
Аяслу Ayaslu (Aygestan) 537 288 256 544
Баш-Гарни Bash-Garni (Garni) 1,507 794 713 1,507
Башкенд Bashkend (Akunk) 797 443 384 827
Башналу Bashnalu (Baghramyan) 600 70 343 330 673
Бекджигазлу Bekjigazlu (Vostan) 1,260 672 598 1,270
Беюк-Боролон Beyuk-Borolon (abandoned) 564 277 287 564
Беюк-Веди Beyuk-Vedi (Vedi) 2,792 1514 1284 2,798
Беюк-Далуляр Beyuk-Dalulyar (Dalar) 750 134 461 430 891
Биралу Biralu (Lanjar) 677 374 303 677
Гаджи (Эйляз) Gaji (Eylyaz) (Darakert) 1,457 762 695 1,457
Гек-Килиса Gek-Kilisa (Kaputan) 579 424 484 519 1,003
Гель-Айсор Gel-Aysor (abandoned) 531 230 438 338 776
Горсван Gorsvan (unknown) 530 287 243 530
Гямриз Gyamriz (Kamaris) 1,083 579 518 1,097
Давалу Davalu (Ararat) 2,559 686 1,840 1,527 3,367
Даргалу Нижний Dargalu Nizhniy (Aygezard) 670 360 321 681
Двин Айсорский Dvin Aysorskiy (Verin Dvin) 76 641 378 367 745
Двин Армянский (Дугюн) Dvin Armyanskiy (Dugyun) (Dvin) 508 192 342 358 700
Двин-Кюрд-Кенд Dvin-Kyurd-Kend (Norashen) 558 280 284 564
Джаткран Jatkran (Geghashen) 1,084 566 519 1,085
Дживриш (Джервех) Jivrish (Jevrekh) (Jrvezh) 434 58 271 221 492
Джирманис (Келани) Jirmanis (Kelani) (abandoned) 853 475 378 853
Донгузьян Donguzyan (Zorak) 1,077 564 513 1,077
Елгован (Парцаби) Yelgovan (Partsabi) (Kotayk) 555 300 270 570
Занджирлу Zanjirlu (abandoned) 1,587 878 709 1,587
Зар Zar 386 757 616 527 1,143
Иманшалу Imanshalu (Mkhchyan) 1,170 613 564 1,177
Кадылу Kadylu (Lanjanist) 588 353 235 588
Камарлу Kamarlu (Artashat) 1,987 1,251 933 2,184
Камарлу Kamarlu (absorbed by Artashat) 734 95 473 360 833
Канакир Kanakir (Kanaker) 1,626 169 1,175 652 1,827
Карабагляр Нижний (Чиманкенд) Karabaglyar Nizhny (Chimankend) (Urtsadzor) 1,260 697 563 1,260
Карагамзалу Karagamzalu (Burastan) 525 246 406 365 771
Каракишляг Karakishlyag (Hayanist) 1,007 550 457 1,007
Каралар Karalar (Aralez) 569 311 264 575
Карахач Karakhach (Lusashogh) 416 589 531 474 1,005
Кашха Kashka (Vardashat) 554 286 268 554
Кешиш-Веран Keshish-Veran (Urtsalanj) 544 302 242 544
Кичик-Веди Kichik-Vedi (Pokr Vedi) 971 505 466 971
Кичик-Далуляр (Гедаклу) Kichik-Dalulyar (Gedaklu) (Mrgavan) 836 418 418 836
Койласар Нижний Koylasar Nizhniy (Dimitrov) 124 592 389 346 735
Кямал Kyamal (abandoned) 597 298 299 597
Кюллуджа Kyulluja (Zovk) 524 285 239 524
Масумлу Masumlu (Aygepat) 507 255 252 507
Неджилу Верхний Nejilu Verkhniy (Nizami) 791 425 366 791
Неджилу Нижний Nejilu Nizhniy (Sayat Nova) 1,178 633 545 1,178
Новрузлу Novruzlu (abandoned) 1,092 180 701 643 1,344
Нурнус Nurnus 550 305 245 550
Огурбеклу Ogurbeklu (Berkanush) 456 110 293 287 580
Сабунчи Sabunchi (Araksavan) 1,000 541 459 1,000
Садарак Sadarak 4,826 2,712 2,130 4,842
Сарванляр-Улия Sarvanlyar-Uliya (Sis) 953 544 409 953
Тазакенд Tazakend (Ayntap) 899 479 440 919
Тазакенд (Норашен) Tazakend (Norashen) (abandoned) 580 296 284 580
Теджирабат Tejirabat (Dzoraghbyur) 604 307 297 604
Тоханшалу Tokhanshalu (absorbed by Masis) 543 285 258 543
Тутия Tutiya (Saranist) 568 300 268 568
Улуханлу Ulukhanlu (Masis) 2,757 1,518 1,239 2,757
Халиса Khalisa (Noyakert) 1,165 619 546 1,165
Хачапарах Khachaparakh (Khachpar) 1,059 561 498 1,059
Чанахчи Нижний Chanakhchi Nizhniy (Zangakatun) 1,129 625 504 1,129
Чикдамлу Chikdamlu (Azatavan) 1,122 135 679 578 1,257
Чинаханлу Chinakhanlu (abandoned) 698 389 309 698
Шагаблу Shagablu (Shaghap) 853 475 378 853
Шагаблу Shagablu (Mayakovski) 519 265 254 519
Шидлу Shidlu (Yeghegnavan) 992 529 463 992
Ширабат (Паракар) Shirabat (Parakar) (Parakar) 662 326 340 666
Шихляр Shikhlyar (Lusarat) 790 394 396 790
Шорлу-Демурчи Shorlu-Demurchi (Darbnik) 1,360 740 620 1,360
Шорлу-Мехмандар Shorlu-Mekhmandar (Hovtashat) 1,824 1,000 824 1,824
Эйляр Eylyar (Abovyan) 505 257 248 505
Эривань Erivan (Yerevan) 12,526 12,516 2,929 17,328 11,678 29,006
Юва Yuva (Shahumyan) 1,905 1,056 923 1,979
TOTAL 51,658 54,231 5,098 95 62,474 50,449 112,923

Notes

  1. ^
  2. ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[10][11]
  3. ^ Primarily Tatars.[14]
  4. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[14]

References

  1. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
  2. ^ a b Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Эривань [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Erivan Uyezd] (in Russian).
  3. ^ Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 9780939214181.
  4. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 20.
  5. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, pp. 74–76.
  6. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, pp. 80–82.
  7. ^ Parrot, Friedrich (2016) [1846]. Journey to Ararat. Translated by William Desborough Cooley. Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian. London: Gomidas Institute. p. xxix. ISBN 978-1909382244.
  8. ^ Договор о дружбе между Армянской ССР, Азербайджанской ССР и Грузинской ССР, с одной стороны, и Турцией - с другой, Заключенный при участии РСФСР в Карсе [Treaty of friendship between the Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR on one side and Turkey on the other, with the participation of the Russian SFSR in Kars] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-04-24. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
  9. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 172–179.
  10. ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  11. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  12. ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  13. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 214–221.
  14. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  15. ^ Troinitsky, N. A. (1905). Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. [Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza. pp. 52–56. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022.

Bibliography

  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
  • Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
  • Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  • Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

40°10′53″N 44°30′52″E / 40.18139°N 44.51444°E / 40.18139; 44.51444

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