Energy in Mongolia
Mongolia had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 6.66 Mtoe in 2019. Electricity consumption was 7.71 TWh.[1] Mongolia is a big producer of coal, which is mostly exported.[2] Domestic consumption of coal accounts for about 70% of Mongolia's primary energy and makes up most of the electricity generation, accounting for about 87% of the domestic electricity production in 2019.[1]
Electricity generation
In 2010, the total amount of electricity produced by all types of power plant in Mongolia are 4,256.1 GWh (thermal power), 31 GWh (hydroelectric), 13.2 GWh (diesel) and 0.6 GWh (solar and wind).[3] In 2012, coal was used to generate 98% of the electricity in Mongolia.[4]
| Electricity generation by power source (GWh)[5] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Coal | Oil | Hydro | Wind |
| 2015 | 4670 | 10 | 70 | 150 |
| 2014 | 4510 | 10 | 60 | 120 |
| 2013 | 4280 | 10 | 60 | 50 |
Coal power
Coal-fired power stations are the dominant type of electricity generation in Mongolia and may also supply heat. There are 7 currently active power stations.
| List | Constructed in | Defunct | Electrical capacity (MW) | Thermal capacity(Gcal/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 1 | 1934 | 1988 | ||
| Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 2 | 1961 | - | 24 | 55 |
| Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 3 | 1968 | - | 186 | 585 |
| Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 4 | 1983 | - | 700 | 1373 |
| Baganuur Thermal Plant | 1980 | - | - | 300 |
| Erdenet Thermal Power Plant | 1987 | - | 28.8 | 302.5 |
| Dalanzadgad Thermal Power Plant | 2000 | - | ||
| Darkhan Thermal Power Plant | 1965 | - | 48 | 1196 |
| Amgalan Thermal Plant | 2016 | - | - | |
| Dornod Thermal Power Plant | 1970 | 36 |
Renewable energy
In 2018, 7% of Mongolia's electricity came from renewable power sources, mainly wind power.[6] Mongolia has very sunny weather with average insolation above 1,500 kW/m2 in most of the country, making solar power highly available. 247 MW of solar power plants have been approved for construction. Guaranteed power purchase agreements and favorable tariff structures promote further growth of the industry.[6]
Electricity consumption
In 2018, much of Mongolia's electricity consumption was driven by industry and construction.
| Sector | Electricity Consumption (%) |
|---|---|
| Industry & Construction | 47 |
| Transport & Communication | 3 |
| Agriculture | 1 |
| Household & Communal Housing | 18 |
| Others | 7 |
| Transmission & Distribution Losses | 12 |
| Station Usage | 12 |
| Export | 0 |
See also
- Mongolia Energy Corporation
- List of mines in Mongolia § Coal
- Environmental issues in Mongolia
- Economy of Mongolia
References
- ^ a b "Mongolia". www.iea.org. International Energy Agency (IEA). Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Mongolia and coal". SourceWatch. 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Coal Facts | WCA | World Coal Association". Worldcoal.org. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ "Installation of Solar PV System (annex)", The Joint Crediting Mechanism, 29 September 2016.
- ^ a b Kitchell, Leo. "A Ray of Hope: Mongolia's Burgeoning Solar Power Industry". blog.mongolia-properties.com. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ^ Jamsran, Janarbaatar (August 2018). "Energy Sector of Mongolia: Country Report" (PDF). The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
