The presence of duffy-binding-like domains defines the family of erythrocyte binding-like proteins (EBL), a family of cell invasion proteins universal among Plasmodium. These other members may use some other receptor, for example Glycophorin A. The other universal invasion protein is reticulocyte binding protein homologs.[3] Both families are essential for cell invasion, as they function cooperatively.[4]
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^Babaeekho, L.; Zakeri, S.; Djadid, N. D. (2009). "Genetic mapping of the duffy binding protein (DBP) ligand domain of Plasmodium vivax from unstable malaria region in the Middle East". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 80 (1): 112–118. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.112. PMID 19141848.
^Iyer, Jayasree; Grüner, Anne Charlotte; Rénia, Laurent; Snounou, Georges; Preiser, Peter R. (July 2007). "Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families". Molecular Microbiology. 65 (2): 231–249. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x. PMID 17630968.
^Lopaticki, Sash; Maier, Alexander G.; Thompson, Jennifer; Wilson, Danny W.; Tham, Wai-Hong; Triglia, Tony; Gout, Alex; Speed, Terence P.; Beeson, James G.; Healer, Julie; Cowman, Alan F.; Adams, J. H. (March 2011). "Reticulocyte and Erythrocyte Binding-Like Proteins Function Cooperatively in Invasion of Human Erythrocytes by Malaria Parasites". Infection and Immunity. 79 (3): 1107–1117. doi:10.1128/IAI.01021-10. PMC3067488. PMID 21149582.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR008602