Dongyi Protectorate

The Dongyi Protectorate (Chinese: 東夷都護府; lit. 'Protectorate of the Eastern Barbarians') from 618 to 907 AD, was a Tang dynasty protectorate in present-day Hebei Province and eastern Inner Mongolia. In 648, Emperor Taizong of Tang established the Jiaole Area Command and appointed the Xi chief Kotuche (可度者) as its military governor.^[2] In 648, Taizong created the Songmo Area Command and "diplomatically" appointed Kuko (窟哥), chieftain of the Khitans as its Military Governor.^[3] In reality, the Tang court had lost actual control of the area. After the Tang dynasty collapsed, the area became the territory of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

References

^ Ven, Hans van de (26 July 2021). Warfare in Chinese History. BRILL. p. 119. ISBN 978-90-04-48294-4.
^ Bielenstein, Hans. Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276.Leiden, , NLD: Brill, N.H.E.J., N.V. Koninklijke, Boekhandel en Drukkerij, 2005. p. 193.
^ Bielenstein, Hans. Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276.Leiden, , NLD: Brill, N.H.E.J., N.V. Koninklijke, Boekhandel en Drukkerij, 2005. p. 530.

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[1] Ven, Hans van de (26 July 2021). Warfare in Chinese History. BRILL. p. 119. ISBN 978-90-04-48294-4.

[2] Bielenstein, Hans. Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276.Leiden, , NLD: Brill, N.H.E.J., N.V. Koninklijke, Boekhandel en Drukkerij, 2005. p. 193.

[3] Bielenstein, Hans. Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276.Leiden, , NLD: Brill, N.H.E.J., N.V. Koninklijke, Boekhandel en Drukkerij, 2005. p. 530.