Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador

Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Density 2016

Newfoundland and Labrador is a province of Canada on the country's Atlantic coast in northeastern North America. The province has an area of 405,212 square kilometres (100,130,000 acres) and a population in 2024 of 540,552, with approximately 95% of the provincial population residing on the Island of Newfoundland (including its associated smaller islands), with more than half of the population residing on the Avalon Peninsula. People from Newfoundland and Labrador are called "Newfoundlanders," "Labradorians" (as appropriate), or "Newfoundlanders and Labradorians".

Population history

Since entering confederation, Newfoundland and Labrador has always been ranked 9th among provinces in population.

Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1825 55,719—    
1836 73,705+32.3%
1845 96,295+30.6%
1851 101,600+5.5%
1857 124,288+22.3%
1869 146,536+17.9%
1874 161,374+10.1%
1884 197,335+22.3%
1891 202,040+2.4%
1901 220,984+9.4%
1911 242,619+9.8%
1921 263,033+8.4%
1935 289,588+10.1%
1951361,416+24.8%
1956415,074+14.8%
1961457,853+10.3%
1966493,396+7.8%
1971522,100+5.8%
1976557,720+6.8%
1981567,681+1.8%
1986568,350+0.1%
1991568,475+0.0%
1996551,790−2.9%
2001512,930−7.0%
2006505,469−1.5%
2011514,536+1.8%
2016519,716+1.0%
2021510,550−1.8%
Source:[1][2] and Statistics Canada

Source: Statistics Canada[3][4]

Population geography

Cities and towns

Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations in the province by population[5]

Urban Area 2016
St. John's (CMA) 205,955
Corner Brook (CA) 31,917
Grand Falls-Windsor (CA) 14,171
Gander (CA) 13,234
Bay Roberts (CA) 11,083

Municipalities by population

Municipalities in the province by population are
Rank Municipality 2016
1 St. John's 110,525
2 Conception Bay South 27,168
3 Paradise 22,957
4 Mount Pearl 22,477
5 Corner Brook 19,333
6 Grand Falls-Windsor 13,853
7 Gander 11,880
8 Portugal Cove-St. Philip's 8,415
9 Happy Valley-Goose Bay 8,040
10 Torbay 7,852
11 Labrador City 7,220
12 Stephenville 6,540
13 Clarenville 6,704
14 Bay Roberts 5,974
15 Marystown 5,974
16 Deer Lake 4,864
17 Carbonear 4,696
18 Channel-Port aux Basques 3,547
19 Pasadena 3,524
20 Placentia 3,289
21 Bonavista 3,190
22 Lewisporte 3,288
23 Bishop's Falls 3,156
24 Harbour Grace 2,995
25 Springdale 2,971
26 Botwood 2,875
27 Spaniard's Bay 2,653
28 Holyrood 2,463
29 Burin 2,315
30 Grand Bank 2,310
31 St. Anthony 2,258
32 Fogo Island 2,244
33 Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove 2,221
34 Twillingate 2,196
35 New-Wes-Valley 2,172
36 Wabana 2,146
37 Glovertown 2,083
38 Pouch Cove 2,069
39 Kippens 2,008
40 Gambo 1,978
41 Wabush 1,906
42 Trinity Bay North 1,819
43 Victoria 1,800
44 Stephenville Crossing 1,719
45 Flatrock 1,683
46 Harbour Breton 1,634
47 Massey Drive 1,632
48 Witless Bay 1,619
49 Humber Arm South 1,599
50 Upper Island Cove 1,561
51 Clarke's Beach 1,558
52 Bay Bulls 1,500
53 Irishtown-Summerside 1,418
54 Fortune 1,401
55 Baie Verte 1,313
56 Burgeo 1,307
57 St. George's 1,203
58 St. Lawrence 1,192
59 St. Alban's 1,186
60 Centreville-Wareham-Trinity 1,147
61 Nain 1,125
62 Harbour Main-Chapel's Cove-Lakeview 1,067
63 Sheshatshiu 1,023
64 Roddickton-Bide Arm 999
65 Musgrave Harbour 990
66 Triton 983
67 Hare Bay 969
68 Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove 960
69 Samiajij Miawpukek 956
70 Arnold's Cove 949
71 Rocky Harbour 947
72 Natuashish 936
73 Summerford 906
74 Whitbourne 890
75 LaScie 872
76 Cape St. George 853
77 Peterview 828
78 Robert's Arm 805
79 Port aux Choix 789
80 Glenwood 778
81 Milltown-Head of Bay D'Espoir 749
82 Mount Moriah 746
83 Cupids 743
84 Carmanville 740
85 Norris Arm 737
86 Brigus 723
87 Badger 704
88 Embree 701
89 Cox's Cove 688
90 Conception Harbour 685
91 Salmon Cove 680
92 Heart's Delight-Islington 674
93 Port Saunders 674
94 Norris Point 670
95 Norman's Cove-Long Cove 666
96 Isle aux Morts 664
97 Dover 662
98 King's Point 659
99 Colliers 654
100 South River 647
101 Buchans 642
102 Avondale 641
103 Old Perlican 633
104 Meadows 626
105 Lawn 624
106 Burnt Islands 622
107 St. Lunaire-Griquet 604
108 Port Blandford 601
109 Cormack 597
110 Point Leamington 591
111 St. Jacques-Coomb's Cove 588
112 Port au Port East 579
113 Appleton 574
114 Hopedale 574
115 North River 570
116 Garnish 568
117 Musgravetown 564
118 L'Anse au Loup 558
119 Trout River 552
120 Birchy Bay 550
121 North West River 547
122 Lewin's Cove 544
123 McIvers 538
124 Englee 527
125 Lark Harbour 522
126 Reidville 509
127 Eastport 501
128 Lumsden 501
129 Cape Broyle 489
130 South Brook 482
131 Terrenceville 482
132 Trepassey 481
133 Middle Arm 474
134 Lourdes 465
135 Chapel Arm 457
136 Bauline 452
137 Campbellton 452
138 Winterton 450
139 Port au Port West-Aguathuna-Felix Cove 449
140 Ramea 447
141 Steady Brook 444
142 St. Bernard's-Jacques Fontaine 433
143 Hampden 429
144 Cow Head 428
145 Cartwright 427
146 Northern Arm 426
147 Hermitage-Sandyville 422
148 Ferryland 414
149 Port Hope Simpson 412
150 Gillams 410
151 Forteau 409
152 Comfort Cove-Newstead 407
153 Sunnyside 396
154 Bryant's Cove 395
155 Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou 394
156 Bay de Verde 392
157 Winterland 390
158 Small Point-Adam's Cove-Blackhead-Broad Cove 387
159 Makkovik 377
160 Belleoram 374
161 Whiteway 373
162 Southern Harbour 369
163 Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catharine's 349
164 St. Mary's 347
165 Parson's Pond 345
166 York Harbour 344
167 Mary's Harbour 341
168 Heart's Content 340
169 Port Rexton 340
170 Hant's Harbour 329
171 Fermeuse 325
172 Ming's Bight 319
173 Hawke's Bay 315
174 Anchor Point 314
175 Burlington 314
176 St. Vincent's-St. Stephen's-Peter's River 313
177 Elliston 308
178 Rigolet 305
179 Seal Cove (White Bay) 303
180 Renews-Cappahayden 301
181 Fox Cove-Mortier 295
182 Pilley's Cove 294
183 Leading Tickles 292
184 Charlottetown 290
185 Bishop's Cove 287
186 Jackson's Arm 284
187 Woody Point 282
188 Little Burnt Bay 281
189 Cottlesville 271
190 Flower's Cove 270
191 Lamaline 267
192 Traytown 267
193 Greenspond 266
194 Baytona 262
195 Chance Cove 256
196 Hughes Brook 255
197 Daniel's Harbour 253
198 Fox Harbour 252
199 St. Bride's 252
200 Parkers Cove 248
201 Rushoon 245
202 Fleur de Lys 244
203 Main Brook 243
204 Seal Cove (Fortune Bay) 242
205 Bay L'Argent 241
206 St. Pauls 238
207 Grand le Pierre 235
208 Gaskiers-Point La Haye 232
209 Point May 231
210 Sandringham 229
211 Branch 228
212 Come By Chance 228
213 Glenburnie-Birchy Head-Shoal Brook 224
214 L'Anse-au-Clair 216
215 River of Ponds 215
216 Heart's Desire 213
217 Change Islands 208
218 Howley 205
219 Happy Adventure 200
220 Westport 195
221 St. Lewis 194
222 Pool's Cove 193
223 Woodstock 190
224 Red Harbour 189
225 Brighton 188
226 New Perlican 186
227 Long Harbour-Mount Arlington Heights 185
228 Riverhead 185
229 Bird Cove 179
230 Crow Head 177
231 Postville 177
232 Raleigh 177
233 Indian Bay 175
234 Goose Cove East 174
235 Conche 170
236 Frenchman's Cove 169
237 Red Bay 169
238 Trinity 169
239 Lushes Bight-Beaumount-Beaumont North 168
240 Pacquet 164
241 Lord's Cove 162
242 Brent's Cove 157
243 Point of Bay 154
244 Portugal Cove South 150
245 St. Brendan's 145
246 English Harbour East 139
247 Recontre East 139
248 Gaultois 136
249 Admirals Beach 135
250 Beachside 132
251 Point Anson 130
252 Little Bay East 127
253 Baine Harbour 124
254 Salvage 124
255 Cook's Harbour 123
256 Sandy Cove 122
257 St. Joseph's 115
258 West St. Modeste 111
259 Coachman's Cove 105
260 Little Bay 105
261 Miles Cove 104
262 Point Lance 102
263 Morrisville 101
264 King's Cove 90
265 Pinware 88
266 Point au Gaul 88
267 Nippers Harbour 85
268 Millertown 81
269 Aquaforte 80
270 Colinet 80
271 Terra Nova 73
272 Little Bay Islands 71
273 St. Shott's 66
274 Bellburns 53
275 Port Kirwan 52
276 Keels 51
278 Gallants 50
279 Duntara 30
280 Sally's Cove 20
281 Tilt Cove 5

Ethnicity

More than half the population identified their ethnocultural ancestry as Canadian, while two-fifths identified English ancestry, and one-fifth identified Irish ancestry. However Canadian is written on the census first, and many people write in other ethnic groups after it which are listed in another section, so numbers do not represent accurate responses to ethnicity. Canadian is a citizenship almost no one identifies with culturally outside of forced census questions.

More than 100,000 Newfoundlanders have applied for membership in the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation Band, equivalent to one-fifth of the total population.[6]

Ethnicity 2001 %
Canadian 271,345 43.41%
English 200,120 39.39%
Irish 100,260 19.73%
Scottish 30,295 5.96%
French 27,785 5.47%
Indigenous 16,030 3.16%
Inuit 7,445 1.47%
German 6,275 1.24%
Métis 6,120 1.20%
Newfoundlander 3,585 0.71%
Welsh 2,790 0.55%
Dutch (Netherlands) 1,385 0.27%
Italian 1,180 0.23%
Norwegian 1,180 0.23%
Chinese 1,110 0.22%
American (USA) 1,065 0.21%
East Indian 940 0.19%
British 925 0.18%
Spanish 765 0.15%
Portuguese 735 0.14%
Polish 665 0.13%
Swedish 655 0.13%
Ukrainian 580 0.11%
Lebanese 515 0.10%
Danish 455 0.09%
Jewish 370 0.07%
Filipino 340 0.07%
Russian 285 0.06%
Greek 245 0.05%
Hungarian (Magyar) 245 0.05%
Austrian 225 0.04%
African (Black), n.i.e. 180 0.04%
Egyptian 165 0.03%
Finnish 145 0.03%
Black 120 0.02%
Jamaican 120 0.02%
Acadian 115 0.02%
Arab, n.i.e. 115 0.02%
Belgian 115 0.02%
Czech 115 0.02%
Romanian 115 0.02%
South African 105 0.02%

The same data on ethnocultural ancestry, grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada, are shown below:

Origins 2001 %
North American 274,755 54.08%
British Isles 266,010 52.36%
Aboriginal 28,065 5.52%
French 27,835 5.48%
Western European 7,705 1.52%
Southern European 3,285 0.65%
Northern European 2,510 0.49%
Eastern European 2,050 0.40%
East and Southeast Asian 1,685 0.33%
Origins 2001 %
South Asian 1,110 0.22%
Arab 915 0.18%
Other European 520 0.10%
African 465 0.09%
Caribbean 270 0.05%
West Asian 130 0.03%
Latin, Central and
South American 		75 0.01%
Oceania 45 0.01%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (508,075) and may total more than 100% due to dual responses.
Only groups of more than 0.02% are shown[7]

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples

Indigenous and visible minority identity (2021):[8]

  European Canadian (87.4%)
  Visible minority (3.4%)
  First Nations (5.7%)
  Métis (1.5%)
  Inuit (1.5%)
  Other Indigenous (0.7%)
Visible minority and Indigenous population (Canada 2021 Census)[9]
Population group Population %
European[a] 438,700 87.4%
Visible minority group
 South Asian 4,545 0.9%
Chinese 2,005 0.4%
Black 3,590 0.7%
Filipino 2,270 0.5%
Arab 1,740 0.3%
Latin American 755 0.2%
Southeast Asian 505 0.1%
West Asian 550 0.1%
Korean 220 0.0%
Japanese 85 0.0%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 205 0.0%
Multiple visible minorities 395 0.1%
Total visible minority population 16,855 3.4%
Indigenous group
 First Nations (North American Indian) 28,435 5.7%
Métis 7,335 1.5%
Inuk (Inuit) 7,330 1.5%
Multiple Indigenous responses 685 0.1%
Indigenous responses n.i.e. 2,765 0.6%
Total Indigenous population 46,545 9.3%
Total population 502,100 100.0%

Languages

Knowledge of languages

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 0.2 per cent of respondents.

Knowledge of languages in Newfoundland and Labrador
Language 2021[10]
Pop. %
English 501,135 99.81%
French 26,130 5.2%
Arabic 2,195 0.44%
Spanish 2,085 0.42%
Innu (Montagnais) 1,925 0.38%
Tagalog 1,810 0.36%
Hindi 1,565 0.31%
Mandarin 1,170 0.23%
German 1,075 0.21%
Punjabi 1,040 0.21%
Bengali 875 0.17%
American Sign Language 875 0.17%

Mother tongue

Languages of Newfoundland and Labrador (2016):[11]

  English (96.9%)
  French (0.5%)
  Other language (2.3%)
  Multiple (0.3%)

The 2006 Canadian census showed a population of 505,469.
Of the 499,830 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue the most commonly reported languages were:

2006 % 2001 %
1. English 488,405 97.71% 499,750 98.49%
2. French 1,885 0.38% 2,180 0.43%
3. Algonquian languages 1,625 0.33% 1,510 0.30%
Montagnais–Naskapi 1,585 0.32% 1,495 0.29%
4. Chinese 1,080 0.22% 525 0.10%
Cantonese 185 0.04% 55 0.01%
Mandarin 120 0.02% 25 ~
5. Spanish 670 0.13% 50 0.01%
6. German 655 0.13% 340 0.07%
7. Inuktitut 595 0.12% 550 0.11%
8. Urdu 550 0.11% 90 0.02%
9. Arabic 540 0.11% 210 0.04%
10. Dutch 300 0.06% 95 0.02%
11. Russian 225 0.05% 75 0.01%
12. Scandinavian languages 220 0.04% 125 0.02%
Norwegian 85 0.02% 40 0.01%
Danish 65 0.01% 55 0.01%
Swedish 65 0.01% 25 ~
13. Italian 195 0.04% 115 0.02%
14. Germanic languages n.i.e. 180 0.04% 75 0.01%
15. Tagalog (Filipino) 180 0.04% 130 0.03%
16. Serbo-Croatian (all) 170 0.03% 130 0.03%
Serbian 135 0.03% 15 ~
Croatian 35 0.01% 40 0.01%
Serbo-Croatian 0 ~ 75 0.01%
2006 % 2001 %
17. Bengali 165 0.03% 55 0.01%
18. Portuguese 150 0.03% 105 0.02%
19. Hungarian 140 0.03% 45 0.01%
20. Panjabi (Punjabi) 120 0.02% 95 0.02%
21. African languages n.i.e. 100 0.02% 10 ~
21. Non-verbal languages 100 0.02% N N
23. Bantu languages 95 0.02% 0 ~
23. Bulgarian 95 0.02% 75 0.01%
25. Niger–Congo languages n.i.e. 85 0.13% 40 0.1%
26. Romanian 75 0.02% 15 ~
27. Greek 70 0.01% 40 0.01%
27. Japanese 70 0.01% 45 0.01%
29. Telugu 65 0.01% 45 0.01%
30. Persian 60 0.01% 70 0.01%
30. Ukrainian 60 0.01% 20 ~
32. Czech 50 0.01% 15 ~
32. Gujarati 50 0.01% 50 0.01%
32. Hindi 50 0.01% 55 0.01%
32. Korean 50 0.01% 50 0.01%
36. Malayalam 40 0.01% 10 ~
37. Turkish 40 0.01% 25 ~
38. Welsh 35 0.01% 20 ~
39. Gaelic languages 30 0.01% 10 ~
40.

Note: "n.i.e.": not included elsewhere

There were also about 25 single-language responses for Amharic, 25 for Bisayan languages, 20 for Sinhala and 20 for Slovak. In addition, there were also 435 responses of English and a non-official language; 30 of French and a non-official language; 295 of English and French; and 10 of English, French, and a non-official language. (Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.)[12]

Religion

The Dominion of Newfoundland's final census of religion, 1945.

A 93.2% majority of Newfoundlanders identify as Christian. Among this group, Roman Catholics form a plurality of 38.4%. As Newfoundland and Labrador has received less recent immigration than the rest of Canada, a relatively small number of Christian denominations are represented in the province.

One well-established feature of Newfoundland's religious landscape is the Salvation Army, whose members are more widespread in Newfoundland and Labrador than any other province. Also notable are missionaries of the Moravian Church, who have a long history with the Labrador Inuit of Nunatsiavut, although they were not active in other regions of the province.

Religious groups in Newfoundland and Labrador (1981−2021)
Religious group 2021[13] 2011[14] 2001[15] 1991[16] 1981[17]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Christianity 413,915 82.44% 472,720 93.19% 493,485 97.13% 553,230 98.1% 557,225 98.84%
Irreligion 80,330 16% 31,330 6.18% 12,865 2.53% 9,270 1.64% 5,605 0.99%
Islam 3,995 0.8% 1,200 0.24% 625 0.12% 300 0.05% 100 0.02%
Hinduism 1,200 0.24% 635 0.13% 400 0.08% 445 0.08% 315 0.06%
Sikhism 855 0.17% 100 0.02% 130 0.03% 130 0.02% 65 0.01%
Buddhism 490 0.1% 400 0.08% 180 0.04% 105 0.02% 135 0.02%
Judaism 240 0.05% 175 0.03% 140 0.03% 125 0.02% 220 0.04%
Indigenous spirituality 105 0.02% 30 0.01% — — — — — —
Other 965 0.19% 685 0.14% 250 0.05% 335 0.06% 65 0.01%
Total responses 502,100 98.34% 507,270 98.59% 508,075 99.05% 563,940 99.2% 563,750 99.31%
Total population 510,550 100% 514,536 100% 512,930 100% 568,475 100% 567,681 100%

Migration

Immigration

Newfoundland and Labrador Immigration Statistics[18]: 108 
Year Immigrant percentage Immigrant population Total population
1951 1.1% 3,829 361,416
1961 1.4% 6,269 457,853
1971 1.7% 8,945 522,105

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 14,250 persons or 2.8 percent of the total population of Newfoundland and Labrador.[19]

Immigrants in Newfoundland and Labrador by country of birth
Country of Birth 2021[20][19] 2016[21] 2011[22][23] 2006[24][25] 2001[26][27]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
United Kingdom 2,300 16.1% 2,215 18.3% 2,490 27.2% 2,335 27.9% 2,595 32.3%
Philippines 1,650 11.6% 855 7.1% 155 1.7% 165 2% 175 2.2%
United States of America 1,390 9.8% 1,540 12.8% 1,575 17.2% 1,400 16.7% 1,600 19.9%
India 835 5.9% 635 5.3% 375 4.1% 435 5.2% 465 5.8%
China 630 4.4% 835 6.9% 515 5.6% 340 4.1% 240 3%
Syria 485 3.4% 315 2.6% 10 0.1% 10 0.1% 15 0.2%
Nigeria 455 3.2% 190 1.6% 105 1.1% 10 0.1% 20 0.2%
Ireland 290 2% 180 1.5% 180 2% 150 1.8% 135 1.7%
Germany 245 1.7% 365 3% 320 3.5% 385 4.6% 400 5%
Bangladesh 230 1.6% 160 1.3% 120 1.3% 45 0.5% 35 0.4%
Total immigrants 14,250 2.8% 12,075 2.4% 9,160 1.8% 8,380 1.7% 8,030 1.6%
Total responses 502,100 98.3% 512,255 98.6% 507,270 98.6% 500,605 99% 508,075 99.1%
Total population 510,550 100% 519,716 100% 514,536 100% 505,469 100% 512,930 100%

Recent immigration

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 4,270 people who immigrated to Newfoundland and Labrador between 2016 and 2021.[19]

Recent immigrants to Newfoundland and Labrador by Country of birth (2016 to 2021)[19]
Country of Birth Population % recent immigrants
Philippines 940 22%
Syria 400 9.4%
India 325 7.6%
Nigeria 300 7%
China 195 4.6%
United States of America 145 3.4%
Jamaica 140 3.3%
United Kingdom 125 2.9%
Pakistan 105 2.5%
Eritrea 100 2.3%
Total 4,270 100%

Interprovincial migration

Net cumulative interprovincial migration per Province from 1997 to 2017, as a share of population of each Provinces

Since it started being recorded in 1971, Newfoundland and Labrador is the province that has lost the biggest share of its population to interprovincial migration, which was especially high in the 1990s. Out-migration from the province was curtailed in 2008 and net migration stayed positive through 2014, when it again dropped due to bleak finances and rising unemployment (caused by falling oil prices).[citation needed] With the announcement of the 2016 provincial budget, St. John's Telegram American-born columnist Russell Wangersky published the column "Get out if you can", which urged young Newfoundlanders to leave the province to avoid future hardships which never occurred.[28]

Interprovincial migration in Newfoundland and Labrador
In-migrants Out-migrants Net migration
2008–09 10,262 8,385 1,877
2009–10 8,998 7,440 1,558
2010–11 7,785 7,755 30
2011–12 8,173 7,628 545
2012–13 7,283 6,788 495
2013–14 6,994 6,760 234
2014–15 7,012 6,851 161
2015–16 6,600 6,368 232
2016–17 5,400 6,830 −1,430
2017–18 5,187 7,920 −2,733
2018–19 5,207 9,706 −4,501

Source: Statistics Canada

See also

NL
Canadian Provinces and Territories
Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

Notes

  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.

References

  1. ^ "Census of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1935, vol. 1 : population by districts and settlements :: NL Books - Reference Sources, Directories, Etc". collections.mun.ca. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  2. ^ "Population urban and rural, by province and territory - Newfoundland and Labrador". 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  3. ^ StatCan 2001 Census Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine - population
  4. ^ "Population and dwelling counts (2006 Census)". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  5. ^ Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data
  6. ^ Friesen, Joe (14 April 2014). "Surge in Newfoundland native band has Ottawa stunned, skeptical". The Globe and Mail.
  7. ^ Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) (2001 Census)
  8. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  9. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  10. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  11. ^ "Language Highlight Tables". 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  12. ^ "Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2006 Census)". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  14. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  15. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  16. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 - Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) - Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  17. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada 20 per cent data base : highlight information on ethnicity, place of birth, citizenship, income, language, immigration, religion, shelter costs". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  18. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2022). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921-1971". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  19. ^ a b c d Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  20. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  21. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  22. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile - Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  23. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  24. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2009-03-23). "Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  25. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  26. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A) and Place of Birth of Respondent (260) for Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  27. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Places of Birth (85) for the Immigrant Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  28. ^ Bailey, Sue (19 April 2016). "Exodus? Newfoundland and Labrador's bleak finances fuel angst for the future". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
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