Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej

Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej
The royal urn of the King Bhumibol Adulyadej, being transported upon the Golden Palanquin with Three Poles (Phra Yannamas Sam Lam Khan), in the first procession of the king's royal cremation ceremony on 26 October 2017
Date
  • 13 October 2016 (2016-10-13), at 15:52 (ICT)
  • (death)
  • 14 October 2016 (2016-10-14)
  • (bathing rite)
  • 19 October 2016 (2016-10-19)
  • (ceremony to mark 7 days of the passing)
  • 27 October 2016 (2016-10-27)
  • (ceremony to mark 15 days of the passing)
  • 1 December 2016 (2016-12-01)
  • (ceremony to mark 50 days of the passing)
  • 20 January 2017 (2017-01-20)
  • (ceremony to mark 100 days of the passing)
  • 13 October 2017 (2017-10-13)
  • (annual anniversary of the passing service)
  • 26 October 2017 (2017-10-26)
  • (cremation)
  • 28 October 2017 (2017-10-28)
  • (royal relics and ashes service of merit)
Location
ParticipantsThai Royal Family

King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand died at the age of 88 on 13 October 2016 (B.E. 2559), after a long illness. A year-long period of mourning was subsequently announced. A royal cremation ceremony took place over five days at the end of October 2017. The actual cremation, which was not broadcast on television, was held in the late evening of 26 October 2017.[1] Following cremation his remains and ashes were taken to the Grand Palace and were enshrined at the Chakri Maha Phasat Throne Hall (royal remains), the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit and the Wat Bowonniwet Vihara Royal Temple (royal ashes). Following burial, the mourning period officially ended on midnight of 30 October 2017 and Thais resumed wearing colors other than black in public.

Illness and death

External videos
video icon Announcement of the death of the King on the Television Pool of Thailand

King Bhumibol Adulyadej had been treated at Siriraj Hospital since 3 October 2014.[2] The king had a high fever due to sepsis, which improved following antibiotics treatment.[3] Until 28 September 2016, King Bhumibol developed a low grade fever as a consequence of pneumonitis and required further treatment with antibiotics. The king subsequently developed organ failure owing to hypotension and became dependent on hemodialysis due to kidney failure. King Bhumibol's condition became significantly unstable due to evolving acute hepatitis.[4]

The king died at Siriraj Hospital on 13 October 2016 at 15:52 local time. The Bureau of the Royal Household officially announced his death at 18:45, less than 3 hours after the actual time of his passing, although Scottish journalist and author Andrew MacGregor Marshall reported the death several hours before the official announcement by the royal palace.[5][6][7]

Reactions

Funeral

Thai national flag flown at half mast at defence ministry building on 28 October 2016

On 14 October 2016, the body of the late king was carried by an autocade from Siriraj Hospital to the Grand Palace. His body left Gate 8 of the hospital around 16:30. As the cortege passed Arun Ammarin Road, Phra Pin Klao Bridge, and Ratchadamnoen Road, crowds of Thais, most clad in black and many openly sobbing, paid homage. Led by Somdej Phra Vanarata (Chun Brahmagutto), the abbot of Wat Bowonniwet Vihara, the autocade entered the palace via Thewaphirom Gate. Upon arrival at the palace, the body was given the bathing rite, presided over by the late king's son, King Vajiralongkorn. The event was live broadcast on television by the television pool of Thailand.[8]

The general public were allowed to take part in a symbolic bathing rite in front of the king's portrait at Sahathai Samakhom Pavilion within the Grand Palace later that day.[9]

Lying in State

The king's body lay in state at the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace for a period of one year, with daily rites for a period of 100 days. As in the funerals of the king's mother and sister, the king's body was not physically placed in the royal funerary urn (kot) as was customary; instead, the coffin which housed the body was placed behind the pedestal displaying the royal urn.[10] Special rites attended by King Vajiralongkorn were held to mark the 7th, 15th, 50th and 100th days since the king's death. After the 15th day, the public were allowed to pay their respects and attend the lying-in-state in the Grand Palace. By the end of the allowed public attendance on 30 September 2017 (later pushed forward to 5 October the same year), over 12 million people had paid their respects in person, a historic record crowd that, including foreign tourists and expats living in Thailand, broke all-time attendance records[11] and left an estimated 890 million Thai baht in donations for the royal charity activities.[12]

The foreign dignitaries who attended the lying-in-state or paid respect at the Grand Palace were as follows (by order of their visit):

Country Title Dignitary Date
 Bhutan King of Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck 16 October 2016[13]
Queen of Bhutan Jetsun Pema
 Bahrain Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa 18 October 2016[14]
 Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong[15] 21 October 2016
 Maldives Special Envoy of the President Mohamed Saeed[16]
 Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak[17] 22 October 2016
 Cambodia Prime Minister Hun Sen[18]
Deputy Prime Minister Tea Banh [citation needed]
 China Special Envoy of the President Li Yuanchao[citation needed]
 Laos Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith[19] 24 October 2016
 Singapore President Tony Tan[20]
 Indonesia President Joko Widodo[21] 25 October 2016
 Gambia Special Envoy of the President Bala Garba Jahumpa [citation needed]
 Vietnam Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc 28 October 2016[22]
 Sri Lanka President Maithripala Sirisena 30 October 2016[23]
 Lesotho King of Lesotho Letsie III 2 November 2016[24]
 Myanmar President Htin Kyaw[25] 9 November 2016
 Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte[26]
 Belgium Special Envoy of the King Nicolas Nihon
 India Prime Minister Narendra Modi 10 November 2016[27]
 Bangladesh Special Envoy of the President Tarana Halim[28] 15 November 2016
 Tonga Crown Prince of Tonga Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
 Timor Leste Special Envoy of the President Hernâni Coelho 16 November 2016[citation needed]
 Russia Special Envoy of the President Andrey Klishas 30 November 2016
 Bhutan Queen Grandmother of Bhutan Kesang Choden 20 December 2016
Princess of Bhutan Pema Lhaden
 Japan Emperor of Japan Akihito 5 March 2017[29]
Empress of Japan Michiko
 Bahrain King of Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 5 May 2017
   Nepal President Bidhya Devi Bhandari 12 May 2017
 Lithuania President Dalia Grybauskaitė 14 May 2017
 Chile Special Envoy of the President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 1 June 2017
 New Zealand Minister of Trade Todd McClay 24 July 2017
 Australia Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop 3 August 2017
 Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam 4 August 2017
 United States Secretary of State Rex Tillerson 8 August 2017[30]
 Tonga King of Tonga Tupou VI 27 September 2017
Queen of Tonga Nanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho
 Bhutan Queen Mother of Bhutan Tshering Yangdon 6 October 2017
Sangay Choden

Special nationwide services in all Buddhist temples together with a general 100th day memorial service were held to mark the 100 day mark since his death on 20 January 2017 with King Vajiralongkorn presiding over the national service.[31]

On 28 February 2017, a special Royal Kong Tek Chinese Buddhist ceremony was held, presided by King Vajiralongkorn at the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall and was led by monks from the Thai Teochew Chinese Buddhist community in the Bangkok area. The service was in keeping with Chinese Buddhist rites and customs regarding the dead. The Kong Tek ceremony was a Buddhist religious ceremony unique to the Chinese wherein the deceased, together with his personal effects and clothing, was transferred ceremonially to the next life, with special prayers and chants sung by monks. The event was unprecedented since it was the first time such a ritual was held for any member of the Thai royal family in an official capacity.[32]

Cremation

The Royal Crematorium (Phra Merumas (Golden Crematorium))[33]
The Royal Crematorium (Phra Merumas (Golden Crematorium))[33] during construction, as seen on 27 April 2017.
Renovation of chariots and palanquins in April 2017 at the Bangkok National Museum for the funeral processions in October 2017.

The public square Sanam Luang used as the cremation ground, where the construction of an elaborate, temporary crematorium was started in early 2017 and took only 8 months to complete.[34] The government granted one billion baht, deducted from central budget, to cover the construction.[35] Once the cremation is over, the crematorium opens for public visits for a month before being torn down in January 2018.[36]

Designs for the cremation complex were officially unveiled on 28 October 2016, and a special ceremony was held on 19 December for the royal funeral chariots to be used at the Bangkok National Museum.[37][38][39] The construction work for the complex officially commenced on 27 February 2017 with the building of the central column with a September target completion date.[40][41] The crematorium was the biggest, largest and tallest yet since the state cremation rites for King Rama V (Chulalongkorn) in 1911.[42]

On 19 November the Ministry of Culture's Fine Arts Department head Anant Chuchote visited Nakhon Pathom, where the royal funeral urns have been manufactured for centuries out of old sandalwood trees. He asked for public support and assistance for the making of the royal urn alongside 150 artisans from the Traditional Arts Office.[43] The department issued a job hiring call in the middle of January 2017 for prospective workers in the Sanam Luang royal crematorium complex and for the needed chariot repair and upgrading works.[44]

As of 12 February 2017, the government pavilion and the Buddhist chapel were under construction. Concurrently, the Royal Thai Army began manufacturing a new royal cannon chariot for the state cremation ceremonies, a first after many years, timed to be completed in April 2017 for delivery to the Fine Arts Department of the Ministry of Culture.[45] The designs of the buildings combine both Thai traditional and modern building design and construction methods.[46]

The construction process for the royal crematorium (Phra Merumas (Golden Crematorium))[33] itself commenced with due ceremony on the morning of 27 February 2017 in the Sanam Luang Plaza, in the presence of the Prime Minister of Thailand Gen (ret) Prayut Chan-o-cha. At the right moment, the central steel beam of the building was hoisted using a crane towards its spot in the plaza worksite after a Brahmin blessing was bestowed on it.[47]

By 1 April, the crematorium complex area had seen construction work faster than the usual practice for royal cremations, with all buildings in the middle of the construction phrase earlier than expected. The FAD had also been tasked to undergo a major design remodeling for the main royal urn to be used in the ceremonies and an October date is expected to be chosen for the events.[48][49] The cannon chariot which was based on those used in British state and royal funerals was officially finished by the end of the month and delivered to the FAD so that the decoration process can begin in time for their debut in the funeral events later in the year.[50]

The national cremation in the Sanam Luang Plaza took place on 26 October 2017, 13 days after the 1st anniversary of the King's death. Just as in past state cremations since 1995, a special Khon performance was held in the plaza grounds, organized by The Foundation of the Promotion of Supplementary Occupations and Related Techniques of Her Majesty Queen Sirikit of Thailand (SUPPORT) and the Bunditphatthanasilpa Institute.[51] Given the huge importance of such an event, the official practice runs for this began as early as 15–16 May with the RTA Ordnance Division spearheading the runs simulating the funeral procession of the major chariots at Saraburi province, with two military vehicles to serve as simulators.[52] For the royal puppet show, it was the first ever to feature a woman performer in keeping with the modern age - Ancharika Noosingha, 43 years old, who was the first female royal puppeteer in history, keeping a historic tradition from the Ayutthaya period.[53] The Fine Arts Department Royal Music and Drama Office organized the puppet play and its personnel form part of the cast who will perform on the cremation night.

The Nation reported on 11 May that the funeral crematorium and the monastic pavilion are almost ready for an early completion, the fastest yet for royal funerals in the modern era, and the prefabrication processes for the decorations to be used in the buildings are at the final stage.[54] At the same time, the sandalwood corn flowers used for state funerals were made to be used by citizens and foreign attendants attending the services, as the kalamet flowers, protected by law, will only be used in the royal crematorium.[55] The practice of making flowers from corn leaves, through, was a modern practice which began in 1925 during the state funeral of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI).

As of 24 September more than 5,500 people signed up to volunteer to serve during the cremation days.[56] To encourage greater public participation, several Thai provincial capitals had been building replica crematoriums to serve people who cannot be in Bangkok to pay their last respects on the cremation date[57] while both the public and tourists joining the events rode the Bangkok MRT system and the BTS Skytrain lines during the cremation days free of charge, as well as on the public ferries at Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem (Hua Lamphong-Thewarat Market) and Khlong Pasicharoen (Phetchkasem 69-Pratunam Pasicharoen) and the Bangkok BRT.[58] The Ministry of Public Health was expected to deploy huge numbers of medical personnel to serve the public and foreign visitors during these days and provide medical assistance.[59] While social media live reports are prohibited for the TV networks (which broadcast the bilingual coverage of the events via the state Television Pool of Thailand and was aired via satellite and streamed worldwide online in both English and Thai via the official funeral webpage, the RTA Thai Global Network, NBT World and the YouTube channel of Thai PBS, the first time this has ever been done), people will still post live feeds but with difficulty and the national and international press have been given a special media center at the Thammasat University.[60]

In early August, plans were finalized to open the cremation site for public and tourist visitation after the cremation ceremonies.[61]

Timeline of the royal cremation

  • 15 May to 29 September - Practice runs for the chariot carriers, drivers and rope holders in Saraburi and later in Bangkok
  • 23 May - 1st Service of Holy Merit at the Royal Plaza, Bangkok
  • 9 June - 2nd Service of Holy Merit at the Royal Plaza, Bangkok
  • 22 August - 3rd Service of Holy Merit at the Royal Plaza, Bangkok
  • 21 September - National rededication ceremonies for the royal funeral carriages at the Bangkok National Museum[62]
  • 5 October- Final day for public visitation to the Royal Urn and coffin at the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace, Bangkok[63]
  • 7 October - 1st General practice run of the funeral procession in Bangkok (from the Grand Palace to the Sanam Luang Royal Plaza)
  • 13 October - National remembrance services in honor of the 1st anniversary of the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX).
  • 15 October - 2nd General practice run of the funeral procession in Bangkok
  • 18 October - The ceremonial installation of the Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella over the royal crematorium by King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)[64]
  • 21 October - 3rd general practice run of the funeral procession in Bangkok
  • 22 October - 4th and final practice run of the funeral procession in Bangkok and final practice run for the cremation services
  • 25 October
    • 15:01 (UTC+07:00): Final afternoon and night vigil services before the Royal Urn and Coffin at the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace, Bangkok[65]
  • 26 October - National cremation services
    • 07:00: Morning services of merit and farewell ceremony of the Royal Urn and Coffin
    • 09:00 - 14:00: Funeral procession from the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall to the Royal Crematorium at the Sanam Luang Royal Plaza
    • 16:45: Afternoon memorial merit service
    • 17:30: Ceremonial first lighting of the funeral pyre and final honours by the 3rd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Own Bodyguard and the 1st Artillery Battalion, King's Guard on behalf of the Royal Thai Armed Forces (three-volley salute and 21-gun salute)[66]
    • 22:00: Royal cremation proper and outdoor Khon and Nang yai performances, puppet show, musical concert and ballet performance starting at 1800h[67][68][69]
      • Note: The cremation itself was not broadcast on the Television Pool, nor even was it live streamed as well online, only a press statement released, although the cremation was recorded by mourners and subsequently uploaded on YouTube and Facebook hours after.[70]
  • 27 October: Day of the removal of the royal ashes and relics
    • 07:00: Removal of the royal ashes and relics from the crematorium followed by a breakfast service
    • 08:30: Royal procession of the transfer of the royal ashes and relics to the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha
  • 28 October
    • 17:30: Final service of merit before the royal relics and ashes and dinner
  • 29 October - Official final day of the mourning period
    • 09:00: Morning service of merit followed by breakfast
    • 11:00: Departure honors of the royal relics and remains and procession
    • 11:35: Ceremony of interment of the royal relics to the Heavenly Abode Room, Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace
    • 16:00: Departure honors of the royal ashes
    • 17:40: Interment service of the royal ashes at the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit followed by a procession to the Wat Bowonniwet Vihara Royal Temple and a final memorial interment service

Broadcast schedule for the Television Pool of Thailand

was livestreamed both in Thai and English via the official funeral website and FB page, NBT World and the Thai PBS and Channel 9 MCOT HD YouTube pages

  • Wednesday, 25 October
    • 14:00 (UTC+07:00): Official beginning of the marathon bilingual coverage
    • 15:01: Final afternoon and night vigil services before the Royal Urn and Coffin at the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace, Bangkok
  • Thursday, 26 October
    • 07:00: Morning services of merit and farewell ceremony of the Royal Urn and Coffin
    • 09:00 - 11:30: Funeral procession from the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall to the Royal Crematorium at the Sanam Luang Royal Plaza
    • 16:50: Afternoon memorial merit service
    • 17:31: Ceremonial first lighting of the funeral pyre and final honours by the 3rd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Own Bodyguard and the 1st Artillery Battalion, King's Guard on behalf of the Royal Thai Armed Forces (three-volley salute and 21-gun salute)
    • 18:00: Outdoor Khon and Nang yai performances, puppet show, musical concert and ballet performance
      • Spilt coverage across all channels and online:[71]
        • Outdoor Khon and Nang yai performances: Channel 9 MCOT HD, RTA Channel 5 and Thai Global Network, TNN24, Spring News, Voice TV, Nation TV, Amarin TV and PPTV
        • Puppet show and Lakhon nai: Channel 3, Thai PBS and Thai PBS YouTube, Thairath TV, New TV, Workpoint, Now26, True4u and Thai Parliament Television
        • Musical concert and ballet: NBT and NBT World, Channel 7, Channel 8, Mono TV, One Channel, GMM25 and Bright TV
    • 22:01: Royal cremation proper
      (As stated earlier, not broadcast by the Television Pool nor live streamed)
  • Friday, 27 October
    • 07:00: Removal of the royal ashes and relics from the crematorium followed by a breakfast service
    • 08:30: Royal procession of the transfer of the royal ashes and relics to the Dusit Maha Phasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha
  • Saturday, 28 October
    • 17:00: Final service of merit before the royal relics and ashes and dinner
  • Sunday, 29 October - Official final day of the mourning period
    • 09:00: Morning service of merit followed by breakfast
    • 11:00: Departure honors of the royal relics and remains and procession
    • 11:35: Ceremony of interment of the royal relics to the Heavenly Abode Room, Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall of the Grand Palace
    • 16:00: Departure honors of the royal ashes
    • 17:40: Interment service of the royal ashes at the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit followed by a procession to the Wat Bowonniwet Vihara Royal Temple and a final memorial interment service

Full order of the funeral procession towards Sanam Luang

From the Deva Phirom gate towards the southeastern end of the Grand Palace walls

From the Wat Pho Temple to the Royal Crematorium at the Sanam Luang Royal Plaza

  • Two cavalry troopers from the Royal Thai Police
  • 1st Massed military bands of the 1st Division, King's Guard, First Army, RTA
    • Band of the 1st Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Own Bodyguard
    • Band of the 3rd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Own Bodyguard
    • Band of the 1st Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment, King's Guard
    • Regimental Band of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy
  • Parade commander and staff
  • 1st Guards Regiment (Cadets)
  • Prakhom band from the Bureau of the Royal Household and 4 Court Brahmins from Devasathan Temple
  • Royal horses and their handlers
  • The Supreme Patriarch's Minor Royal Carriage (Ratcharoth Noi) carrying the designated representative of Ariyavongsagatanana IX, the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, carried by 74 RTA servicemen and escorted by 16 fan holders, 8 on each side
  • Royal regalia and flower bearers
  • Gen (Rtd) Prayut Chan-o-cha, RTA, the Prime Minister of Thailand and representatives of the national royal funeral committee, and Gen Thanchaiyan Srisuwan, RTA, the Chief of Defence Forces
  • Standard bearer of the Royal Flag of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
  • The Grand Royal Funeral Carriage/Royal Great Victory Carriage (Phra Maha Phichai Ratcharoth) carrying the symbolic Royal Urn, pulled by 216 servicemen of the RTA and escorted by 48 Royal Guards and 16 pole bearers carrying gold and silver flower offerings, 8 on each side of the wheeled chariot
  • Delegation of the Royal Family of Thailand escorted by personnel of the 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Own Bodyguard
    • Royal Standard Bearers
    • King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)
    • Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the Princess Royal
    • Princess Bajrakitiyabha
    • Princess Sirivannavari Nariratana
    • Royal pages and assistants to the Royal Family
    • Chirayu Isarangkun Na Ayuthaya, Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Family and Household of Thailand
    • Other officials of the BRH
  • 2nd Massed military bands of the 1st Division, King's Guard, First Army, RTA
  • Representatives of schools and business establishments with royal patronage and of the late King's royal projects
  • 2nd Guards Regiment
    • 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Own Bodyguard
    • 5th Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment, King's Guard

Procession circumbulating Royal Crematorium at Sanam Luang

Guests

Thai Royal Family

Mourning

King's portrait displayed at Sanam Luang for public mourning
Thai people wait to pay homage to the King's body which lay in state at Phra Thinang Dusit Maha Prasat.
Thai national flag flown at half mast at Assumption College Bangkok during the mourning of King Bhumibol

The government declared a year-long mourning period for Bhumibol. Citizens were asked to refrain from participating in "joyful events" and entertainment for 30 days following his death; as a result, a number of events, including sports (such as the Thai League football season, which ended entirely),[72] were cancelled or postponed. Entertainment outlets such as cinemas, nightclubs and theatres announced that they would shut down or operate under reduced hours during this period.[73][74][75] The mourning period prompted concerns from Thailand's tourism industry, which felt that the mood of the country, as well as the cancelled events, would reduce interest in visiting Thailand.[74]

Upon the announcement of his death, all television channels suspended regular programming and simulcast special programmes from the television pool of Thailand, which consisted of videos and photos of Bhumibol, and coverage of royal events. International channels were blacked out and replaced by this programming, and all programming during this time was carried exclusively in monochrome. Following the funeral procession on 14 October 2016, the channels continued to air the pooled tribute content until midnight local time, after which they were allowed to resume regular programming in colour. However, for the remainder of the 30-day mourning period, all broadcasters were forbidden from broadcasting programmes that featured "any element of entertainment, dancing, joy, violence, impoliteness or overly expressed emotion", nor any non-official information, speculation or criticism related to the deceased King and his successor. Most Thai media outlets and websites switched to greyscale colour schemes as well.[76][77] After a brief return to monochrome for the King's 1st death anniversary on 13 October 2017, colour television broadcasts, with the same restrictions are before, resumed on 19 October the same year.[78]

Out of respect for the mourning, many Thai malls, including all Central Pattana and The Mall Group properties, chose not to install extensive Christmas displays and decorations for the holiday season. Some installed memorials to Bhumibol instead.[79]

Aftermath

Since the death of the king, ultra-royalists in Thailand have criticized and harassed those who did not wear mourning black.[80] They also subjected to witch-hunts people whom they accused of disrespecting the deceased monarch. On 14 October 2016, angry ultra-royalist groups in Phuket Province thronged the residence of a man who posted on social media a number of comments which they thought offensive to the late king and violated the lèse-majesté law, despite the local police having declared that the comments were not in breach of the law. The groups dispersed after the police agreed to prosecute the man for the crime of lèse-majesté.[81][82] Similar incidents happened on the following day in Phang Nga Province.[80]

In November 2016, Nangrong School in Buriram Province seized colourful winter jackets from students and required them to wear those in mourning colours only. The students were reportedly distressed to lose their jackets due to the cold weather, and many did not own multiple warm articles of clothing.[83]

On 28 November, the director of a public school in Ranong Province was removed from office for not wearing mourning black on her first day at work.[84]

The National Council for Peace and Order, the junta ruling Thailand, also announced after the death of Bhumibol that it will hunt down lèse-majesté fugitives.[85]

References

  1. ^ "Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej dead at 88". BBC News. 13 October 2016. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  2. ^ "Siriraj Hospital plans statue, museum for the King". Bangkok Post. 20 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  3. ^ Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Thepgumpanat, Panarat (16 February 2016). "Thai king recovers from infection, fever still high – palace statement". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  4. ^ Paddock, Richard C. (12 October 2016). "Worries Over King Bhumibol Adulyadej's Health Shake Thailand". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  5. ^ Ghosh, Nirmal; Yee, Tan Hui (13 October 2016). "Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej dies, aged 88". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  6. ^ "Beloved Thai king dies after long illness: palace". Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  7. ^ "As Thais keep vigil, rumors of King Bhumibol Adulyadej's death spread online". Asian Correspondent. Archived from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  8. ^ "Thousands flock to cortege". Bangkok Post. 15 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  9. ^ Fredrickson, Terry (14 October 2016). "Huge crowds for procession, bathing ceremony (Updated)". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  10. ^ โรม บุนนาค (23 December 2016). "เป็นครั้งแรกที่พระศพ "สมเด็จย่า" และ "พระพี่นาง" ไม่ได้บรรจุลงพระโกศ แต่บรรจุในพระหีบ (๕)". Manager Online. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  11. ^ "ย้ำ 30 ก.ย.ปิดถวายบังคมพระบรมศพ-ยอดประชาชน 317 วัน มี 10.65 ล้านคน". Thai Rath Online (in Thai). 17 September 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  12. ^ "Huge crowds set to watch Royal processing - The Nation". Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  13. ^ "Bhutanese royals pay respects to King". Bangkok Post. 16 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  14. ^ "Bahraini PM pays respects to late king". Bangkok Post. 19 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  15. ^ "PM Lee Hsien Loong pays respects to late Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej in Bangkok". Straits Times. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  16. ^ "Special Envoy of the President departs to Thailand to pay respect to the Late King". The President Office. 20 October 2016. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  17. ^ "Death of King Bhumibol felt by all in Southeast Asia, says Najib". New Straits Times. 22 October 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  18. ^ "Najib, Hun Sen, Chinese vice president pay respects". Bangkok Post. 22 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  19. ^ "ปธน.สิงคโปร์-นายกฯลาว วางพวงมาลาถวายสักการะพระบรมศพ". The Straits Times. 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  20. ^ "President Tony Tan pays respects to late Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej in Bangkok". The Straits Times. 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  21. ^ "Jokowi pays respects to King". Bangkok Post. 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  22. ^ "Viet Nam pays homage to Thai King". Viet Nam News. 29 October 2016. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  23. ^ "President pays last respects to the late king of Thailand". The Official website of the President. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  24. ^ "กษัตริย์เลโซโท เสด็จฯ มาถวายราชสักการะพระบรมศพ". Komchadluek. 2 November 2016. Archived from the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  25. ^ "ผู้นำหลายประเทศวางพวงมาลาถวายสักการะพระบรมศพ". Matichon. 9 November 2016. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  26. ^ "Duterte pays respects to King". Bangkok Post. 9 November 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  27. ^ "PM Narendra Modi Makes Stopover In Thailand To Pay Respects To Late King". NDTV. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  28. ^ "รัฐมนตรีช่วยว่าการกระทรวงไปรษณีย์ โทรคมนาคม และเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศแห่งสาธารณรัฐประชาชนบังกลาเทศ วางพวงมาลาถวายราชสักการะพระบรมศพพระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช". The Government Public Relations Department. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  29. ^ "Japan's Emperor, Empress to visit Thailand". Bangkok Post. 11 January 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  30. ^ "Secretary of State Rex Tillerson Visited Thailand". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Thailand. 8 August 2017. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  31. ^ "Events mark 100th day since Rama IX's passing - The Nation". Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  32. ^ Thaitv6 (28 February 2017). "ถ่ายทอดสด สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวฯ ในการบำเพ็ญพระราชกุศลพิธี "กงเต็กหลวง"". Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ a b c "Royal Crematorium". www.kingrama9.th. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  34. ^ "Kǭthǭmǭ long prap phư̄nthī sanām lūang trīam kānkǭsāng phramērumāt chūang ton pī nā" กทม. ลงปรับพื้นที่สนามหลวง เตรียมการก่อสร้างพระเมรุมาศช่วงต้นปีหน้า [Bangkok Metropolitan Administration visits Sanam Luang for location adjustment in preparation for building of royal crematorium early next year]. Coconuts Krungthep (in Thai). Bangkok. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  35. ^ "ครม. อนุมัติ งบกลางปี 60 หนึ่งพันล้านบาท เพื่อพระราชพิธีพระบรมศพ". BBC Thailand (in Thai). BBC. 30 November 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  36. ^ "ความรู้เกี่ยวกับ พระเมรุมาศ ชิ้นส่วนพระเมรุมาศหลังการรื้อถอน". Campus-star.com (in Thai). Bangkok: Campus Star. 18 October 2016. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  37. ^ "Royal Crematorium Design Unveiled (PHOTOS)". 28 November 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  38. ^ "Bangkok Post". www.bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  39. ^ NBT WORLD (20 December 2016). "Renovation begins on royal carriages and palanquins". Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017 – via YouTube.
  40. ^ "Huge event planned to mark monarch's birthday on Dec 5 - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  41. ^ "Royal crematorium to symbolise Mount Sumeru - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  42. ^ "Royal crematorium highest for 100 years - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  43. ^ "Bangkok Post". www.bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  44. ^ "Bangkok Post". www.bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  45. ^ "Construction of new royal crematorium goes forward - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  46. ^ "Bangkok Post". www.bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  47. ^ Thaitv6 (27 February 2017). "นายกฯ เป็นประธานในพิธีบวงสรวงการก่อสร้างและยกเสาเอกพระเมรุมาศ". Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ "Royal Crematorium Rises Over Sanam Luang (Photos)". 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  49. ^ "Bangkok Post". www.bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  50. ^ "Royal funeral chariots transferred to Fine Arts Department - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  51. ^ "Khon performances to be staged at King Rama IX's royal cremation ceremony - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  52. ^ "Ordnance Division begins marching rehearsal of chariot bearing royal urn - Pattaya Mail". Pattaya Mail. 16 May 2017. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  53. ^ "Royal puppet revived for late King's cremation- The Nation". Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  54. ^ "Thailand prepares for farewell to beloved King Bhumibol Adulyadej - The Nation". Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  55. ^ "A royal garden grows - The Nation". Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  56. ^ "Large crowds volunteer to help with royal cremation". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  57. ^ "Provinces Rush to Finish Replica Crematoriums For Royal Funeral (Photos)". 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  58. ^ "Free Bangkok transit rides for Royal cremation period - The Nation". Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  59. ^ "Medical teams on standby for Royal Funeral - The Nation". Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  60. ^ "Royal cremation live coverage by reporters banned -Bangkok Post". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  61. ^ "Bangkok Post". www.bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  62. ^ "Chariots, palanquins ready on time for Royal Cremation - The Nation". Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  63. ^ "Deadline to pay respect to the late King extended to October 5". Thai PBS English News. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  64. ^ "King installs Umbrella of State - The Nation". The Nation. 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  65. ^ "Royal ceremony schedule". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  66. ^ "Royal Urn and Coffin reflect centuries of tradition - The Nation". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  67. ^ "Thousands of artists to perform at late King Bhumibol's royal cremation". 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  68. ^ "1,000 artists set to perform on Royal cremation day - The Nation". Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  69. ^ "Late King's royal ballet 'Manorah' to be staged at Royal Cremation - The Nation". Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  70. ^ "Cremation ceremony for the late King begins - Bangkok Post". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  71. ^ "VIEWING GUIDE TO THURSDAY'S ROYAL CREMATION - Khaosod English". Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  72. ^ "Kirins bag title as league ties are cancelled". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  73. ^ "WHAT'S CANCELED, CLOSED AND OPEN IN BANGKOK DURING MOURNING PERIOD". Khaosod English. Archived from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  74. ^ a b "Drinking, Partying Off Limits in Thailand as Death of King Hits Tourism". Bloomberg. 14 October 2016. Archived from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  75. ^ "Thai king death: Thousands mourn at royal palace". BBC News. 14 October 2016. Archived from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  76. ^ "All TV channels carry monochrome broadcasts". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  77. ^ "TV, radio programmes to resume, with restrictions". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  78. ^ "TV returns to full colour to present funeral". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  79. ^ "It's (Not) Beginning To Look a Lot Like Christmas". 26 November 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  80. ^ a b Charuvastra, Teeranai (16 October 2016). "Ultra-Royalists Guilt-Shame People Who Don't Wear Mourning Black". Khaosod. Khaosod English. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  81. ^ "Chāo phūket hư̄ lǭm bān lūkchāi rān khāi taohū klāng dưk 'āng phōs 'ēfbī čhāpčhūang čhǣngkhwām mǭ nưng nưng sǭng lǣo" ชาวภูเก็ตฮือล้อมบ้านลูกชายร้านเต้าหู้กลางดึกอ้างโพสต์ FB จาบจ้วง แจ้งความ ม. 112 แล้ว. Prachachat (in Thai). Bangkok: Matichon. 15 October 2016. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  82. ^ "Phuket man accused of lese majeste, his shop mobbed over social media post". Bangkok: Coconuts BKK. 15 October 2016. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  83. ^ Thaitrakulpanich, Asaree (3 November 2016). "Buriram school seizes students' colorful winter jackets". Khao Sod English. Bangkok: Khao Sod. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  84. ^ "New public school director removed from post for wearing red dress". Coconuts. Bangkok: Coconuts Bangkok. 29 November 2016. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  85. ^ Audjarint, Wasamon (26 October 2016). "Hunt for lese majeste fugitives". The Nation. Bangkok: Nation Multimedia. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.

Further reading

  • Head, Jonathan (16 October 2016). "Thai king's death: Who holds power now?". BBC. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  • "Thailand King Bhumibol's death, after 70 years of reign". Death-notices.co.uk. London: Interpress. 17 October 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  • The Committee on Public Relations for the Royal Cremation of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej (2017). Media Guide: Royal Cremation of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej 25–29 October 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Death of Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_and_funeral_of_Bhumibol_Adulyadej&oldid=1209933937"