Corruption in Albania
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Corruption in Albania is a very serious problem.[1][2] According to Global Corruption Barometer 2013, 66% of respondents indicated that level of corruption has increased in Albania.[3]
Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index scores 180 countries according to the perceived corruption of the public sector and then ranks those countries by their score. In 2023, Albania scored 37 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Albania ranked 98th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.[4] For comparison with worldwide scores, the average score was 43, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180).[5] For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Eastern European and Central Asian countries [Note 1] was 53, the average score was 35 and the lowest score was 18.[6]
Corruption is still considered one of the most problematic factors for establishing business in Albania.[7] Even though anti-corruption legal framework of Albania is moderate, its enforcement is weak and corruption conviction rates are still very low.[7]
Corruption and Human Development in Albania
After 1990, Albania has passed from a centralized economy to a liberal one. Liberalization has brought both mainly negative effects to the politics, economy and other social aspect. There are two main components that measure a country's progress toward success. Firstly, the economic growth is the most used and discussed indicator of the progress. During the last two decades the economists have been more interested in the economic development, consisting of the aggregate of health, education level and income rather than economic growth. Secondly, the corruption level is found to be a significant component of progress. Different researches have founded out a negative relationship between corruption level and countries’ progress. Empirical research of Hysa (2011) reveals that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between corruption indexes and human development. Empirical evidence of the study, comparing Albania with the EU member countries, suggests that more corrupted countries tend to have lower levels of human development. In the Albanian case, the relationship between corruption and human development is found to be much stronger than in the EU countries.[8]
See also
- Corruption in Kosovo
- International Anti-Corruption Academy
- Group of States Against Corruption
- International Anti-Corruption Day
- ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
- United Nations Convention against Corruption
- OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
- Transparency International
Notes
- ^ Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
References
- ^ "Extent of public corruption in Albania".
- ^ 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index Archived 2006-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, Transparency International
- ^ e.V., Transparency International. "Albania 2013 - World's largest opinion survey on corruption - Transparency International". www.transparency.org. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
- ^ "The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated". Transparency.org. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Albania". Transparency.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "CPI 2023 for Eastern Europe & Central Asia: Autocracy & weak justice systems enabling widespread corruption". Transparency.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Business Corruption in Albania". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ Hysa, E. (2011). Corruption and human development: Albania and EU-27. Social Studies Journal, 5(2), 43-52., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324273986_CORRUPTION_AND_HUMAN_DEVELOPMENT_ALBANIA_AND_EU-27
