Chennai metropolitan area
Greater Chennai
Chennai Metropolitan Area | |
|---|---|
 Chennai skyline | |
| Nickname(s): Detroit of Asia, Gateway to South India | |
 CMA expanded boundary | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Core city | Chennai |
| Districts | |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 11,570,000 |
| Demonym(s) | Chennaivasi, Chennaiite |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (Indian Standard Time) |
| Website | www.cmdachennai.gov.in |
| Area Note: Area of CMA was expanded from 1189 sq.km to 5904 sq.km in 2022[1] Population Note: Population and density correspond to the pre-expansion area[2] | |
Greater Chennai Metropolitan Area, or simply the Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA), is fourth-most populous metropolitan area in India and the 35th most populous in the world. The CMA consists of the core city of Chennai, which is coterminous with the Chennai district, and its suburbs in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Thiruvallur and Ranipet districts. The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area. In 1974, an area encompassing 1,189 km2 (459 sq mi) around the city was designated as the metropolitan area which was subsequently expanded to 5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi) in 2022.
History
In 1974, the Madras metropolitan area comprised a total extent of 1,189 km2 (459 sq mi).[3] In 2011, first plans to expand the metropolitan area were proposed by Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) as several settlements on the outer vicinity had been undergoing rapid development and had to be incorporated under the CMDA planning strategy. While other metropolises in India had already redefined their respective metropolitan regions to include much larger areas, CMA had not been altered since it was first defined in 1974.[4] In July 2012, the CMDA suggested two options to the Government of Tamil Nadu for expanding the area with the first option including the whole of the Chennai, seven taluks each from Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts extending up to 4,459 km2 (1,722 sq mi) and the second option including the whole of Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts and Arakkonam taluk extending to a total of 8,878 km2 (3,428 sq mi).[5] In July 2017, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced its intention to expand the CMA to 8,878 km2 (3,428 sq mi) with the whole process expected to be completed by July 2018.[6] [7]
On 22 January 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu issued a Government order to declare the intention to include additional areas in the Chennai Metropolitan Planning Area under the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971.[8][9] As per the act, the government is required to allow reasonable opportunity (two months) for inhabitants, local authorities and institutions in the area to comment upon or object to such an expansion proposals and few objections were received including a public interest litigation filed at the Madras High Court in March 2018.[10][11] The plan was later modified and in October 2022, the metropolitan area was expanded to 5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi).[12]
Distribution and composition
The metropolitan area consists of four municipal corporations (Greater Chennai, Tambaram, Avadi, Kancheepuram), 12 municipalities (Arakkonam, Mangadu, Kundrathur, Poonamallee, Thiruverkadu, Thiruninravur, Tiruvallur, Tiruttani, Maraimalai Nagar, Chengalpattu, Ponneri, Guduvancheri) and other smaller panchayats spread across the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet. The planning and development is overseen by the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), a Tamil Nadu State Government organisation in charge of town in the region. CMA region has about 3,000 water bodies.[13] CMDA has proposed to trifurcate the CMA into three zones – Central, North and South.[14]
| Zone | Area (km2) | District | Taluk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central | 1,189 | Chennai district | Alandur, Ambattur, Aminjikarai, Ayanavaram, Egmore, Guindy, Madhavaram, Maduravoyal, Mambalam, Mylapore, Perambur, Purasawalkam, Sholinganallur, Thiruvottiyur, Tondiarpet, Velachery |
| Chengalpattu district | Pallavaram, Tambaram, Vandalur | ||
| Kanchipuram district | Kundrathur | ||
| Tiruvallur district | Avadi, Poonamallee, Ponneri | ||
| North | 2,908 | Tiruvallur district | Gummidipoondi, Poonamallee, Ponneri, Tiruvallur, Tiruttani, Uthukottai |
| Kanchipuram district | Sriperumbudur | ||
| Ranipet district | Arakkonam, Nemili | ||
| South | 1,809 | Chengalpattu district | Chengalpattu, Tirukalukundram, Thiruporur, Vandalur |
| Kanchipuram district | Kundrathur, Kanchipuram, Walajabad |
Administration
The CMDA regulates developments in the Chennai metropolitan area through the issuance of planning permission under section 49 of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act 1971.[15][16]
| Agency | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) | Urban planning, Project implementation |
| Local bodies (Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Panchayats) | Civic management |
| Chennai MetroWater Supply and Sewage Board | Water Supply and sewerage |
| Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA) | Transport and transport infrastructure |
| Highways Department Tamil Nadu Road Infrastructure Development Corporation (TNRIDC) Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Limited (TNRDC) |
Implementation and maintenance of highways and roads |
| Chennai-Ennore Port Road Company Ltd (CEPRCL) | Maintenance of road connecting ports |
| Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) State Express Transport Corporation (SETC) |
Public bus transport |
| Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) | Metro rail transport |
| Southern Railway (SR) | Suburban railway and Chennai MRTS |
| Regional Transport department | Transport services (Vehicle registration and compliance, road taxes, driving licence) |
| Commissionerate of Road Safety | Road safety |
| Chennai Smart City Limited (CSCL) | Core infrastructure transformation and rejuvenation |
| Chennai City Traffic Police Avadi Traffic Police Tambaram Traffic Police Traffic police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet districts |
Traffic management |
| Chennai City Police Avadi Police Tambaram Police District police of Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu and Ranipet districts |
Crime, cyber crime and law & order management |
| Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) | Electricity generation and supply |
| Revenue Department | Revenue administration |
| Public Works Department | Implementation and maintenance of macro drainage system |
| Registration Department | Land registration, stamp duties |
| Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB) | Provision of plots and houses, sites and services |
| Tamil Nadu Urban Habitat Development Board (TNUDB) | Housing, infrastructure and livelihood in slums |
| Aavin Co-operative society | Milk procurement and distribution |
Economy
As of 2023[update], the GDP of the metropolitan is estimated at 128.3 billion, ranking it from fourth- to sixth-most productive metro area of India.[17][18] Chennai has a broad industrial base in the automobile, computer, technology, hardware manufacturing and healthcare sectors. As of 2012[update], the city is India's second-largest exporter of information technology (IT) and business process outsourcing (BPO) services.[19][20] A major part of India's automobile industry is located in and around the city thus earning it the nickname "Detroit of India".[21][22][23] Known as the "Gateway of South India", Chennai is the third-most visited city in India by international tourists according to Euromonitor.[24][25]
See also
- List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population
- List of metropolitan areas in India
- List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India
- List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu
References
- ^ "Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority". Government of Tamilnadu. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ World Urban Areas 13th Annual Edition (PDF). Demographia (Report). August 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ "CMDA map". Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Final call on Greater Chennai by fiscal year-end". IBN Live. 26 August 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ C Shivakumar (10 August 2012). "Chennai : Push to expand Chennai metropolitan area". New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Metropolitan Area set to expand". The Hindu. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2023 – via PressReader.
- ^ Mariappan, Julie (4 July 2017). "5-year wait ends, Chennai finally set for seven-fold expansion". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Your word matters in Chennai's expansion". The New Indian Express. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Krishnan, S (22 January 2018). "G.O. (Ms) No.13" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972)" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. 1971.
- ^ Kabirdoss, Yogesh (5 April 2018). "CMDA to seek public opinion on Chennai expansion, clear doubts". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Order issued for expansion of Chennai to 5,904 sq. Km; over 1,200 villages set to be added". The Hindu. 21 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Hemalatha, Karthikeyan (10 November 2012). "40 Chennai lakes to get a new lease of life". The Times of India. Chennai. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ^ "Chennai Metropolitan Area to be trifurcated, will cover 5,904 sqkm". 28 September 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ "The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972)" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Aloysius Xavier Lopez (10 November 2012). "Challenging times for building panel". The Hindu. Chennai.
- ^ "Chennai - C40 Cities". C40 Group. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
- ^ "Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025". PwC. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
- ^ "Chennai activities". NASSCOM. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ^ Chandramouli, Rajesh (1 May 2008). "Chennai emerging as India's Silicon Valley?". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ^ Business America. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1997. p. 14.
- ^ Chris Devonshire-Ellis (2012). Doing Business in India. Springer. p. 218. ISBN 978-3-642-27617-0.
- ^ U.S. International Trade Commission (2007). Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India, Staff Research Study #30. DIANE Publishing. pp. 2–10. ISBN 978-1-4578-1829-5.
- ^ Mohan, Vishnu (5 October 2020). "Scorching hot during summer and unbelievably crowded, the modern city of Chennai dipped in traditions from its Madras days never fails to surprise a traveller". Outlook Traveller. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
- ^ Vikas, S. V. (27 September 2018). "World Tourism Day 2018: Significance, theme and why it is observed". One India. New Delhi. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
External links
- Chennai metropolitan area map
- CDMA plan
