Canaanimico

Canaanimico; Temporal range: Late Oligocene (Deseadan); ~26.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification ; (disputed)
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	†Homunculidae; (see text)
Subfamily:	†Soriacebinae; (see text)
Genus:	†Canaanimico; Marivaux et al. 2016
Type species
	†Canaanimico amazonensis; Marivaux et al. 2016
Species
	C. amazonensis

Canaanimico is an extinct genus of medium-sized New World monkeys from the Late Oligocene (approximately 26.5 Ma, Deseadan in the SALMA classification) fossiliferous fluvio-lacustrine Chambira Formation of the Ucayali Basin in Amazonian Peru. The genus was described by Marivaux et al. in 2016 and the type species is C. amazonensis.^[1]^[4]

Classification

Marivaux et al. placed the genus in the subfamily Soriacebinae,^[1] of the family Homunculidae,^[3] while Silvestro et al. (2017) attribute an incertae sedis status for the family and subfamily to the genus.^[2] Marivaux et al. proposed a close relation with the Miocene South American genera Soriacebus (Santacrucian) and Mazzonicebus (Colhuehuapian).^[5]

Description

Canaanimico was described by Marivaux et al. on the basis of two isolated upper molars collected at the Contamana fossil locality. The authors inferred that based on dental microwear patterns recorded on one upper molar Canaanimico possibly was a fruit and hard-object eater.^[1] Silvestro et al. estimated a body mass of 2,000 grams (4.4 lb) for Canaanimico, making it a medium-sized New World monkey.^[6]

Paleoecology

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Location of the Chambira Formation in Peru

Fossils of Canaanimico were found in the Late Oligocene (Deseadan) Chambira Formation of the Ucayali Basin in Amazonian Peru. The formation, a sequence of red claystones and paleosols with intercalated conglomerates and sandstones,^[7] and gypsum layers,^[8] has been dated on the basis of zircons in a tuff bed in the formation, providing an age of 26.56 ± 0.07 Ma.^[9] The formation was deposited in a tectonically relatively calm^[10] tropical fluvio-lacustrine environment with oxbow lakes.^[11]^[12]

The Chambira Formation has provided a rich mammal assemblage of Chambiramys shipiborum, C. sylvaticus, Deseadomys cf. arambourgi, Loretomys minutus, Palaeosteiromys amazonensis, Plesiosteiromys newelli, Scleromys praecursor, Ucayalimys crassidens, Abderites sp., aff. Eosallamys sp., cf. Neoglyptatelus sp., and indeterminate Adelphomyinae, Anthropoidea, Astrapotheriidae, Caenolestidae, Caviomorpha, Chinchilloidea, Emballonuridae, Erethizontoidea, Herpetotheriidae, Interatheriinae, Litopterna, Marsupialia, Microbiotheria, Mylodontidae, Mylodontoidea, Notoungulata, Octodontoidea, Palaeothentidae, Pampatheriidae, Rhinolophoidea, Tolypeutinae, Toxodontidae, Typotheria and Vespertilionoidea.^[13]^[14]^[15]

Additionally, crocodylians and turtles of ?Balanerodus sp., Podocnemis sp., cf. Purussaurus sp., cf. Sebecus sp., and indeterminate frogs, Booidea, Caimaninae, Colubroidea, Gavialoidea and snakes were found in the formation, as well as fossil fishes of cf. Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp., cf. Phractocephalus sp., Potamotrygon sp., and indeterminate Actinopterygii, Cichlidae, Erythrinidae, Loricariidae and Pimelodidae.^[14]^[15]

References

^ a b c d Marivaux et al., 2016
^ a b c Silvestro et al., 2017, p.13
^ a b Homunculidae at Fossilworks.org
^ Canaanimico at Fossilworks.org
^ Urbani et al., 2018, p.33
^ Silvestro et al., 2017, p.14
^ Antoine et al., 2016, p.40
^ Castro Medina, 2010, p.55
^ Antoine et al., 2016, p.35
^ Castro Medina, 2010, p.71
^ Antoine et al., 2016, p.41
^ Boivin et al., 2016, p.103
^ Boivin et al., 2016
^ a b CTA-61 at Fossilworks.org
^ a b CTA-32 at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; M. Alejandra Abello; Sylvain Adnet; Ali J. Altamirano Sierra; Patrice Baby; Guillaume Billet; Myriam Boivin; Ysabel Calderón, and Adriana Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi. 2016. A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru. Gondwana Research 31. 30–59. Accessed 2019-02-20.
Boivin, Myriam; Laurent Marivaux; Adriana M. Candela; Maëva J. Orliac; François Pujos; Rodolfo Salas Gismondi; Julia V. Tejada Lara, and Pierre-Olivier Antoine. 2016. Late Oligocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia. Papers in Palaeontology 3(1). 69–109. Accessed 2019-02-20.
Castro Medina, Walter Fidel. 2010. Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas, 1–76. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). Accessed 2019-02-20.
Marivaux, Laurent; Sylvain Adnet; Ali J. Altamirano Sierra; Myriam Boivin; François Pujos; Anusha Ramdarshan; Rodolfo Salas Gismondi; Julia Tejada, and Pierre-Olivier Antoine. 2016. Neotropics provide insights into the emergence of New World monkeys: New dental evidence from the late Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia. Journal of Human Evolution 97. 159–175. Accessed 2019-02-20.
Silvestro, Daniele; Marcelo F. Tejedor; Martha L. Serrano Serrano; Oriane Loiseau; Victor Rossier; Jonathan Rolland; Alexander Zizka; Alexandre Antonelli, and Nicolas Salamin. 2017. Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data. BioRxiv _. 1–32. Accessed 2019-02-20.
Urbani, B.; M. Kowlewski; R.G.T. Cunha; S. De la Torre, and L. Cortés Ortiz. 2018. La primatología en Latinoamérica 2 - Tomo 1 Argentina-Colombia, 1–357. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Accessed 2019-02-20.