CD96 (Cluster of Differentiation 96) or Tactile (T cell activation, increased late expression) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD96gene.[5] CD96 is a receptor protein which is expressed on T cells and NK cells and shares sequence similarity with CD226 (also known as DNAM-1).[6] The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesion of activated T and NK cells to their target cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation[citation needed]. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. CD96 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed by all resting human and mouse NK cells. CD96 main ligand is CD155. CD 96 has approximately 20% homology with CD226 and competed for binding to CD155 with CD226.[7]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesive interactions of activated T and NK cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation. Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
References
^ a b cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153283 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ a b cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022657 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Fuchs A, Colonna M (October 2006). "The role of NK cell recognition of nectin and nectin-like proteins in tumor immunosurveillance". Seminars in Cancer Biology. 16 (5): 359–366. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.07.002. PMID 16904340.
Fuchs A, Cella M, Giurisato E, Shaw AS, Colonna M (April 2004). "Cutting edge: CD96 (tactile) promotes NK cell-target cell adhesion by interacting with the poliovirus receptor (CD155)". Journal of Immunology. 172 (7): 3994–3998. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.3994. PMID 15034010.
Hosen N, Park CY, Tatsumi N, Oji Y, Sugiyama H, Gramatzki M, et al. (June 2007). "CD96 is a leukemic stem cell-specific marker in human acute myeloid leukemia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (26): 11008–11013. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10411008H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704271104. PMC1904175. PMID 17576927.
Kaname T, Yanagi K, Chinen Y, Makita Y, Okamoto N, Maehara H, et al. (October 2007). "Mutations in CD96, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, cause a form of the C (Opitz trigonocephaly) syndrome". American Journal of Human Genetics. 81 (4): 835–841. doi:10.1086/522014. PMC2227933. PMID 17847009.
Meyer D, Seth S, Albrecht J, Maier MK, du Pasquier L, Ravens I, et al. (January 2009). "CD96 interaction with CD155 via its first Ig-like domain is modulated by alternative splicing or mutations in distal Ig-like domains". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (4): 2235–2244. doi:10.1074/jbc.M807698200. PMID 19056733.
Davila S, Froeling FE, Tan A, Bonnard C, Boland GJ, Snippe H, et al. (April 2010). "New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine". Genes and Immunity. 11 (3): 232–238. doi:10.1038/gene.2010.1. PMID 20237496. S2CID 11183658.
Wu Y, Xiao M, Zhu L, Zhou XX, Gong Q, Xin X, et al. (June 2011). "[CD96 expression on bone marrow mononuclear cells in 91 patients with acute leukemia]". Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi (in Chinese). 19 (3): 585–588. PMID 21729528.
Mohseni Nodehi S, Repp R, Kellner C, Bräutigam J, Staudinger M, Schub N, et al. (2012). "Enhanced ADCC activity of affinity maturated and Fc-engineered mini-antibodies directed against the AML stem cell antigen CD96". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e42426. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...742426M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042426. PMC3411760. PMID 22879978.
Eriksson EM, Keh CE, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Hecht FM, Nixon DF (2012). "Differential expression of CD96 surface molecule represents CD8⁺ T cells with dissimilar effector function during HIV-1 infection". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e51696. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...751696E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051696. PMC3521672. PMID 23272144.
Chávez-González A, Dorantes-Acosta E, Moreno-Lorenzana D, Alvarado-Moreno A, Arriaga-Pizano L, Mayani H (May 2014). "Expression of CD90, CD96, CD117, and CD123 on different hematopoietic cell populations from pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia". Archives of Medical Research. 45 (4): 343–350. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.04.001. PMID 24751333.
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