Bundjalung people

Bundjalung people
Aka: Badjalang (Tindale)(Horton)
Bandjalang (SIL)
South Eastern Queensland bioregion
Hierarchy
Language family:Pama–Nyungan
Language branch:Bandjalangic
Language group:Bundjalung
Group dialects:
Area (approx. 6,000 sq. km)
Location:
Coordinates:29°15′S 152°55′E / 29.250°S 152.917°E / -29.250; 152.917
Mountains:
Rivers[4]Lower reaches of
Other geological:Cape Byron
Urban areas:[4]

The Bundjalung people, also spelled Bunjalung, Badjalang and Bandjalang, are Aboriginal Australians who are the original custodians of a region from around Grafton in northern coastal New South Wales to Beaudesert in south-east Queensland. The region is located approximately 550 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of Sydney and 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Brisbane that now includes the Bundjalung National Park.

The languages of the Bundjalung people are dialects of the Lower-Richmond branch of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung language family.

The Arakwal of Byron Bay count themselves as one of the Bundjalung peoples.[1]

History

Language

Bundjalung is a Pama-Nyungan language. It has two unusual features: certain syllables are strongly stressed while others are "slurred", and it classifies gender into four classes: (a) masculine (b) feminine (c) arboreal and (d) neuter.[6]

Country

Wollumbin is the mountain range to the north of Mt Warning, his face and form can be seen in the range's profile when viewed from the north, near Chinderah

Norman Tindale estimated the Bundjalung People lived over an area approximately 2,300 square miles (6,000 km2), from north of the Clarence River to the Richmond River including the site of Ballina and inland to Tabulam and Baryugil. The coastal Widje clan ventured no further than Rappville.[4] The area underwent significant change with sea level rise 18,000 to 7,500 years ago which completely displaced inhabitants of previous coastal areas and resulted in dramatic changes in distributions of peoples.

Alternative names

Camp at Gladfield, A Pencil drawing by Martens, Conrad (1801–78) dated Dec. 29th 1851 - 19.1 x 31.1cm held in the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

According to Norman Tindale, various spellings and other names were used for the Bundjalung people:[4]

  • Badjelang (paidjal/badjal means "man")
  • Bandjalang, Bandjalong
  • Budulung
  • Buggul
  • Bundela, Bundel
  • Bunjellung
  • Paikalyung, Paikalyug
  • Watchee
  • Widje (clan or clans at Evans Head)
  • Woomargou

Culture

Initiation ceremony

According to R. H. Mathews, the Bundjalung rite of transition into manhood began with a cleared space called a walloonggurra some distance from the main camp. On the evening the novices are taken from their mothers around dusk, the men sing their way to this bora ground where a small bullroarer (dhalguñgwn) is whirled.[7]

Musical instruments

The Bundjalung used a variety of instruments, including blowing on a eucalyptus leaf, creating a bird-like sound. Clapsticks were used to establish a drumbeat rhythm on ceremonial dancing occasions. Emu callers (short didgeridoos about 30 centimetres (12 in) long) were traditionally used by the Bundjalung when hunting (Eastern Australia Coastal Emus). When striking the emu-caller at one end with the open palm it sounds like an emu. This decoy attracts the bird out of the bush making it an easy prey.[citation needed]

Native title

In late April 2021, the Federal Court of Australia convened at Evans Head, where a native title determination was made over 7.2 square kilometres (2.8 sq mi) of land, consisting of 52 separate areas of land. The application had been launched in 1996, and the first determination made in 2013. Included in the land is a bora ring of great cultural significance near Coraki.[8]

Notable people

See also

Notes

Citations

  1. ^ a b Bunjalung of Byron Bay 2001.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Sharpe 1994.
  3. ^ a b Bandjalang at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  4. ^ a b c d e Tindale 1974, p. 191.
  5. ^ Hoff 2006.
  6. ^ Sharpe 1993, p. 76.
  7. ^ Mathews 1900, pp. 67–73, 67.
  8. ^ Ross 2021.
  9. ^ "Sharlene Allsopp". Sharlene Allsopp. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  10. ^ ""They Cannot Say Their Thoughts" – Winning Poem of the Ford Memorial Prize". School of Communication and Arts. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  11. ^ O'Brien, Kerrie (28 April 2022). "Stella Prize 2022 winner Evelyn Araluen makes history". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  12. ^ "State funeral for Bellear". SBS News. 22 March 2005. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016.
  13. ^ TC-D.
  14. ^ "Melissa Lucashenko". UQP.
  15. ^ Austlit. "Linda McBride-Yuke | AustLit: Discover Australian Stories". www.austlit.edu.au. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  16. ^ Farrow-Smith 2020.
  17. ^ "Chap off the old Block is pushing hard for the new". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  18. ^ a b Tarney, Alex (8 October 2023). "'I love all my family': why Djon Mundine is voting differently to his brother Warren". SBS News. Retrieved 26 October 2023.

Sources

  • "About". Troy Cassar-Daley. Retrieved 21 November 2021.[better source needed]
  • "ATNS - Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements project". Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  • Bundock, M. (1889). "Note on the aborigines of Casino, N.S.W". Archiv für Ethnologie. 2: 52–53 – via Internet Archive.
  • "Bunjalung of Byron Bay (Arakwal) Indigenous Land Use Agreement". Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project. 28 August 2001. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  • Farrow-Smith, Eloise (14 January 2020). "Digby Moran, internationally acclaimed First Nations artist, dies". ABC News. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  • "Githabul People's native title determination: North-eastern New South Wales" (PDF). National Native Title Tribunal. 29 November 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2011.
  • Hoff, Jennifer (2006). Bunjalung Jugun [Bunjalung Country]. Richmond River Historical Society. ISBN 1-875474-24-2. citing Yamba Yesterday, Howland and Lee, Yamba Centenary Committee.
  • Langford Ginibi, Ruby (15 November 1995). "Australian Biography: Ruby Langford Ginibi" (Interview). Interviewed by Robin Hughes. National Film and Sound Archive.
  • Mathews, R. H. (1897a). "Totemic divisions of the Australian tribes". Proceedings of Royal Society of New South Wales. 31: 154–176 – via BHL.
  • Mathews, R. H. (1897b). "Wandarral of the Richmond and Clarence River tribes". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 10: 29–42 – via BHL.
  • Mathews, R. H. (1898). "Initiation ceremonies of Australian tribes. Appendix Nguttan initiation ceremony". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 37: 54–73 – via BHL.
  • Mathews, R. H. (1900). "Walloonggurra ceremony" (PDF). Queensland Geographical Journal. 15: 67–74 – via Internet Archive.
  • Ross, Hannah (30 April 2021). "NSW Bandjalang people victorious after 25-year native title fight". ABC News. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  • Sharpe, Margaret C. (1985). "Bundjalung Settlement and Migration" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 9 (1): 101–124.
  • Sharpe, Margaret C. (1993). "Bunjalung: Teaching a Disappearing Language". In Walsh, Michael; Yallop, Colin (eds.). Language and Culture in Aboriginal Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press. ISBN 978-0-855-75241-5.
  • Sharpe, Margaret C. (1994). An all-dialect dictionary of Banjalang, an Australian language no longer in general use. Linguistic Society of the Philippines Special Monograph Issue. pp. 35–48.
  • Steele, John Gladstone (1984). Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-702-25742-1.
  • Threlkeld, Lancelot; Fraser, John (1892). An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal (PDF). Sydney: Government printer.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Badjalang (QLD)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  • "Troy Cassar-Daley". Talking Heads. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 May 2009. Archived from the original on 18 October 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.

External links

  • Bundjalung of Byron Bay Aboriginal Corporation, representing the Bundjalung and Arakwal people, land and waters
  • Bibliography of Bundjalung language and people resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  • "Australia's Sacred Sites Part 5 - Byron Bay"[permanent dead link] ABC Radio's Spirit of Things (October 2002; Retrieved 21 May 2008
  • A Walk in the Park Series: "New South Wales - Arakwal National Park" ABC Radio (December 2004) Retrieved 21 May 2008
  • "Badjalang" AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database. Retrieved 20 May 2008
  • Bunjalung of Byron Bay (Arakwal) Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) Archived 29 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 21 May 2008
  • New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change Aboriginal cultural heritage webpage Living on the frontier Retrieved 21 May 2008
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