Batumi okrug

Batumi okrug
Батумскій округъ
Okrug
Coat of arms of Batumi okrug
Coat of arms
Location in the Batum Oblast
Location in the Batum Oblast
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
OblastBatum
Established1878
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk3 March 1918
CapitalBatum
(present-day Batumi)
Area
 • Total3,703.31 km2 (1,429.86 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total85,397
 • Density23/km2 (60/sq mi)
 • Urban
23.44%
 • Rural
76.56%

The Batumi okrug[a] was a district (okrug) of the Batum Oblast of the Russian Empire existing between 1878 and 1918. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, the town of Batum (present-day Batumi), now part of Adjara within Georgia. The okrug bordered with the Artvin okrug in the south, the Ardahan okrug of the Kars Oblast to the southeast, the Tiflis Governorate to the northeast, the Kutaisi Governorate (of which it was a part in 1883–1903) to the north, and the Trebizond Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire to the west.[1]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Batumi okrug were:[2]

Name 1912 population Area
Verkhne-Adzharskiy uchastok (Верхне-Аджарскій участокъ) 21,778 1,127.85 square versts (1,283.56 km2; 495.59 sq mi)
Goniyskiy uchastok (Гонійскій участокъ) 10,310 688.24 square versts (783.26 km2; 302.42 sq mi)
Nizhne-Adzharskiy uchastok (Нижне-Аджарскій участокъ) 17,974 783.83 square versts (892.05 km2; 344.42 sq mi)
Kintrishskiy uchastok (Кинтришскій участокъ) 17,961 654.43 square versts (744.78 km2; 287.56 sq mi)

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Batumi okrug had a population of 88,444 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 53,149 men and 35,295 women. The majority of the population indicated Georgian to be their mother tongue, with significant Russian, Armenian and Greek speaking minorities.[3]

Linguistic composition of the Batumi okrug in 1897[3]
Language Native speakers %
Georgian 56,498 63.88
Russian 7,217 8.16
Armenian 7,120 8.05
Greek 4,650 5.26
Turkish 3,199 3.62
Kurdish 1,699 1.92
Ukrainian 1,637 1.85
Jewish 1,076 1.22
Polish 890 1.01
Persian 765 0.86
Abkhazian 687 0.78
Mingrelian 635 0.72
German 356 0.40
Tatar[b] 350 0.40
Imeretian 341 0.39
Lithuanian 157 0.18
Sartic 156 0.18
Belarusian 76 0.09
Avar-Andean 56 0.06
Kazi-Kumukh 47 0.05
English 38 0.04
Ossetian 28 0.03
Romanian 27 0.03
Svan 17 0.02
Estonian 11 0.01
Other 711 0.80
ТОТАL 88,444 100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Batumi okrug had a population of 85,397 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 47,532 men and 37,865 women, 61,347 of whom were the permanent population, and 24,050 were temporary residents:[6]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Georgians 6,481 32.37 45,627 69.79 52,108 61.02
Sunni Muslims[c] 75 0.37 14,163 21.66 14,238 16.67
Russians 4,825 24.10 3,394 5.19 8,219 9.62
Armenians 5,524 27.59 240 0.37 5,764 6.75
Asiatic Christians 1,097 5.48 1,078 1.65 2,175 2.55
Other Europeans 855 4.27 96 0.15 951 1.11
Jews 597 2.98 10 0.02 607 0.71
Kurds 8 0.04 544 0.83 552 0.65
Shia Muslims[d] 386 1.93 25 0.04 411 0.48
North Caucasians 172 0.86 180 0.28 352 0.41
Roma 0 0.00 20 0.03 20 0.02
TOTAL 20,020 100.00 65,377 100.00 85,397 100.00

Notes

  1. ^
  2. ^ Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[4][5]
  3. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[7]
  4. ^ Primarily Tatars.[7]

References

  1. ^ Tsutsiev 2014.
  2. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 144–147.
  3. ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  4. ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  5. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  6. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 182–185.
  7. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
  • Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
  • Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  • Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

See also

41°38′45″N 41°38′30″E / 41.64583°N 41.64167°E / 41.64583; 41.64167

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