Barun River

Barun River
Barun River
	Barun Valley
Location
Country	Nepal
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Makalu Glacier
Mouth
• location	Arun River
• coordinates	27°41′31″N 87°21′49″E / 27.6920°N 87.3636°E / 27.6920; 87.3636
Basin features
River system	Kosi River

The Barun River (Nepali: बरुण नदी) is a tributary of the Arun River and is part of the Kosi river system in Nepal.

Koshi River System

The Koshi or Sapta Koshi drains eastern Nepal. It is known as Sapta Koshi because of the seven rivers which join together in east-central Nepal to form this river. The main rivers forming the Kosi system are – the Sun Kosi River, the Indravati River, the Bhote Koshi, the Dudh Kosi, the Arun River, Barun River, and Tamor River. The combined river flows through the Chatra Gorge in a southerly direction to emerge from the hills.^[1]^[2]

Course

The Barun River originates from the Barun glacier at the base of Makalu, one of the eight-thousanders.^[1] The river freezes in winter and in summer outburst floods in the Barun valley are inevitable but lose much of their power and sediment passing through two broad flat areas.^[3]

The Barun is known as Chukchuwa in local Kirat language. Studies have shown that the area had been initially habituated by Yakkha and Limbu .^[4]

Bird watching

The Upper Barun Valley is among the richest for birds in Nepal. It is virtually untouched by man. Birdwatchers have rarely visited the region because it is not easily accessible. There are no trekkers lodges within Makalu-Barun National Park. There is one small tea house at Langmale (near the Base Camp) run by a third-generation native of the upper Barun Valley. In an effort to control and consolidate the impacts of camping, the pitching of tents is only allowed in designated campsites.^[5]

References

^ a b Negi, Sharad Singh (1991). Himalayan rivers, lakes and glaciers. Indus. ISBN 9788185182612. Retrieved 2010-05-14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Bahadur, Jagdish (2004). Himalayan snow and glaciers: associated environmental problems, progress. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788180690914. Retrieved 2010-05-14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Kattelmann, Richard. "Hydrology in Mountainous Regions. I - Hydrological Measurements; the Water". Hydrology and development of the Arun River, Nepal. Lausanne Symposia, August 1990. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
^ "Barun Valley". MBNP Brochure - The Makalu-Barun National Park & Buffer Zone Brochure published by MBNP. July 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-14. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Nepal trekking". Makalu National Park trek. . Archived from the original on 2004-06-14. Retrieved 2010-05-14.

[negi-1] Negi, Sharad Singh (1991). Himalayan rivers, lakes and glaciers. Indus. ISBN 9788185182612. Retrieved 2010-05-14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[2] Bahadur, Jagdish (2004). Himalayan snow and glaciers: associated environmental problems, progress. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788180690914. Retrieved 2010-05-14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[3] Kattelmann, Richard. "Hydrology in Mountainous Regions. I - Hydrological Measurements; the Water". Hydrology and development of the Arun River, Nepal. Lausanne Symposia, August 1990. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-14.

[4] "Barun Valley". MBNP Brochure - The Makalu-Barun National Park & Buffer Zone Brochure published by MBNP. July 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-14. ^{[dead link]}

[5] "Nepal trekking". Makalu National Park trek. . Archived from the original on 2004-06-14. Retrieved 2010-05-14.