Barda Balka
 Barda Balka, March 2021. The 4-meter high megalith was deliberately demolished and its fragments are scattered on the site | |
| Location | Iraq |
|---|---|
| Type | Surface site |
| History | |
| Material | gravels |
| Periods | Middle Paleolithic, Neolithic |
| Cultures | Late Acheulean |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1951 |
| Archaeologists | Bruce Howe and Herbert E. Wright |
Barda Balka is an archeological site near the Little Zab and Chamchamal in the north of modern-day Iraq.[1]
The site was discovered on a hilltop in 1949 by Sayid Fuad Safar and Naji al-Asil from the Directorate General of Antiquities, Iraq. It was later excavated by Bruce Howe and Herbert E. Wright in 1951. Stone tools were found amongst a particular layer of Pleistocene gravels that dated to the late Acheulean period. The tools included pebble tools, bifaces and lithic flakes that were suggested to be amongst the oldest evidence of human occupation in Iraq.[1] They were found comparable with tools known to have been made around eighty thousand years ago.[2]
Similar material was found in other locations around the Chemchemal valley.[1]
A Neolithic megalith is also located at the center of the site around which the tools were found.[2]
Barada Balka is where hominids hunted wild cattle, sheep, goats, and equids and ate shells and turtles some 100-150,000 years ago. This site is of special note in that it provides the only evidence in Mesopotamian prehistory for the hunting or scavenging of Indian elephants and rhinoceros. (1) Roger Matthews
Gallery
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Barda Baka in March 2021
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Barda Balka, the large megalith once stood here was demolished
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A fragment from the megalith of Barda Balka, in situ
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A fragment from the megalith of Barda Balka at the Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq
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Hand-axes from Barda Balka, Acheulean period, c. 250,000 years ago. Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq
References
- ^ a b c "Braidwood, Robert., & Howe, Bruce., Prehistoric Investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Studies in Ancient Oriental CIvilization, No. 31, University of Chicago Press, 1960" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-07. Retrieved 2012-10-10.
- ^ a b Georges Roux (27 August 1992). Ancient Iraq. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 72–. ISBN 978-0-14-193825-7. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
External links
- Chemchemal valley archaeological sites
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