Anglo-French Convention of 1898
The Anglo-French Convention of 1898, full name the Convention between Great Britain and France for the Delimitation of their respective Possessions to the West of the Niger, and of their respective Possessions and Spheres of Influence to the East of that River, also known as the Niger Convention,[1] was an agreement between Britain and France that concluded the partition of West Africa between the colonial powers by finally fixing the borders in the disputed areas of Northern Nigeria.[2] It was signed in Paris on 14 June 1898, ratifications were exchanged on 13 June 1899.
Article IV of this convention was completed by a declaration signed in London on 21 March 1899 that, after the Fashoda Incident, delimited spheres of influence in northern Central Africa and the Sudan.
See also
References
- ^ G. N. Uzoigwe, "European partition and conquest of Africa: an overview", in: A. Adu Boahen (ed.), General History of Africa, Vol. VII: Africa under Colonial Domination 1880–1935. Paris: UNESCO, 2000 (rpt.) [1985], pp. 19–44, cit. p. 34. ISBN 978-92-3-101713-1
- ^ John M. Carland, The Colonial Office and Nigeria, 1898–1914. Stanford: Hoover Press, 1985, p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8179-8143-3
Further reading
- Correspondance et documents relatifs à la convention franco-anglaise du 14 juin 1898, 1890–1898. Paris: Ministère des affaires étrangères / Imprimerie nationale, 1899 (Documents diplomatiques) (also on archive.org; in French and English)
- Boniface I. Obichere, West African States and European Expansion: The Dahomey-Niger Hinterland, 1885–1898. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971, chapter 8
- G. N. Uzoigwe, Britain and the Conquest of Africa: The Age of Salisbury. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1974, chapters 5 and 6
External links
- Text of the 1898 convention in: The Map of Africa by Treaty, 3rd ed. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office / Harrison and Sons, 1909, vol. 2, pp. 785–793
- Text of the 1899 declaration in: op. cit., pp. 796–797
- Map in: Déclaration additionnelle du 21 mars 1899 à la convention franco-anglaise du 14 juin 1898. Paris: Ministère des affaires étrangères / Imprimerie nationale, 1899 (Documents diplomatiques), n. pag.
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