Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)

The Honourable
Sir Alexander Campbell
KCMG PC QC
6th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
In office
June 1, 1887 – May 24, 1892
MonarchVictoria
Governors GeneralThe Marquess of Lansdowne
The Lord Stanley of Preston
PremierOliver Mowat
Preceded byJohn Beverley Robinson
Succeeded byGeorge Airey Kirkpatrick
Senator for Cataraqui, Ontario[1]
In office
October 23, 1867 – February 7, 1887
Member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada for Cataraqui
In office
1858–1867
Personal details
Born(1822-03-09)March 9, 1822
Hedon, Yorkshire, England
DiedMay 24, 1892(1892-05-24) (aged 70)
Toronto, Ontario
Resting placeCataraqui Cemetery, Kingston, Ontario
NationalityCanadian
Political partyConservative
CabinetPostmaster General (1885–1887)
Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1881–1885)
Postmaster General (1880–1881)
Minister of Militia and Defence (1880)
Postmaster General (1879–1880)
Receiver General (1878–1879)
Minister of the Interior (1873)
Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs (1873)
Minister of Inland Revenue (Acting) (1868–1869)
Postmaster General (1867–1873)
Commissioner of Crown Lands (Province of Canada) (1864–1867)
Signature
 • Father of Confederation •

Sir Alexander Campbell KCMG PC QC (March 9, 1822 – May 24, 1892) was an Upper Canadian statesman and a father of Canadian Confederation.[2][3]

Life

Born in Hedon, Yorkshire, he was brought to Canada by his father, who was a doctor, when he was one year old. He was educated in French at St. Hyacinthe in Quebec and in the grammar school at Kingston, Ontario. Campbell studied law and was called to the bar in 1843. He became a partner in John A. Macdonald's law office.[4]

Campbell was a Freemason of St. John's Lodge, No. 3 (Ontario) of Kingston (now The Ancient St. John's No. 3). When the government was moved to Quebec in 1858, Campbell resigned.[5]

He was elected to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada in 1858 and 1864, and served as the last Commissioner of Crown Lands 30 March 1864 – 30 June 1867. He attended the Charlottetown Conference and the Quebec City Conference in 1864, and at Confederation was appointed to the Senate of Canada. He later held a number of ministerial posts in the Cabinet of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald and was the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1887 to 1892.[6]

Historian Ged Martin discussed the reasons why Campbell never achieved first rank as a politician; he was lame and suffered from epileptic seizures, and his estranged wife was a certified lunatic (see Family section below).

In 1883, he built his home on Metcalfe Street, Ottawa, now known as "Campbell House".

Campbell House, 236 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa

He died in office in Toronto in 1892, and was buried at Cataraqui Cemetery in Kingston, Ontario.[7]

Campbell Crescent in Kingston, a street in the Portsmouth municipal district, is named in his honour.

Family

In 1855, Campbell married Georgina Frederica Locke, daughter of Thomas Sandwith of Beverley, Yorkshire, and a niece of Humphrey Sandwith III (1792–1874) of Bridlington.[7] As Ged Martin has detailed in an article on Campbell's private life, the marriage was a failure and his estranged wife spent time in asylums as a certified lunatic. He left two sons (the eldest was Charles Sandwith Campbell) and three daughters.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Federal Political Experience". www.parl.gc.ca. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
  2. ^ "The fathers of confederation". www.Canadahistory.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  3. ^ "Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation - Ged Martin". www.gedmartin.net. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  4. ^ "Alexander Campbell". www.canadahistory.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  5. ^ Michael Jenkyns (July 2017). "Canada's Sesquicentennial – Freemasonry and Confederation". Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  6. ^ "Campbell, Sir Alexander National Historic Person". Parks Canada. 15 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  7. ^ a b Browning, Thomas Blair (1901). "Campbell, Alexander (1822–1892)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  8. ^ "Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation - Ged Martin". www.gedmartin.net. Retrieved 2024-03-06.

External links

  • "Alexander Campbell". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016.
  • Alexander Campbell – Parliament of Canada biography
  • Ged Martin, Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): The Travails of a Father of Confederation | https://www.gedmartin.net/published-work-mainmenu-11/249-alexander-campbell-1822-1892-the-travails-of-a-father-of-confederation. Published in Ontario History (Spring 2013) https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/onhistory/2013-v105-n1-onhistory03918/1050744ar/
  • Humphrey Sandwith
  • Works by Alexander Campbell at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by or about Alexander Campbell at Internet Archive
  • Works by Alexander Campbell at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
  • Alexander Campbell fonds, Archives of Ontario
  • Ged Martin, Alexander Campbell (1822-1892): Travails of a Father of Confederation https://www.gedmartin.net/published-work-mainmenu-11/249-alexander-campbell-1822-1892-the-travails-of-a-father-of-confederation
Government offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
1887–1892 		Succeeded by
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by
office created
 Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada
1867–1873 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada
1873–1878 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada
1878–1887 		Succeeded by
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