Abu al-Hasan Mosque

Abu al-Hasan Mosque
The minaret of the mosque, seen from Tala'a Sghira street.
Religion
Affiliation(Maliki) Sunni Islam
Statusactive
Location
LocationFes, Morocco
Geographic coordinates34°03′43.2″N 4°58′56.2″W / 34.062000°N 4.982278°W / 34.062000; -4.982278
Architecture
Typemosque
StyleMarinid, Moroccan, Islamic
FounderAbu al-Hassan
Date established1341 CE
Specifications
Length10.35 metres
Width17 metres
Minaret(s)1
Minaret height(approx.) 18.85 metres

The Mosque of Abu al-Hasan is a historic neighbourhood mosque in Fes el-Bali, the old medina of Fes, Morocco. It is located on Tala'a Seghira street, near the Bou Inania Madrasa.[1]

History

The mosque was built in 1341 by the Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan, as recorded by a foundation inscription carved on a marble plaque inside.[2][3] It was renovated by the Alaouite sultan Moulay Slimane during his reign between 1792 and 1822.[2][4] It bears many resemblances to the Chrabliyine Mosque to the east, which was founded and also later renovated at around the same times.[2][5]

Architecture

General layout and interior

The mosque is a generally rectangular building 17 meters wide and 10.35 meters deep.[2][3] The mosque's street facade is marked by a doorway in the shape of a horseshoe arch, which is overshadowed by an ornately-carved wooden canopy.[3]

  • The entrance of the mosque, pictured in 1932
    The entrance of the mosque, pictured in 1932
  • The ornately-carved wooden canopy above the mosque's entrance (present day)
    The ornately-carved wooden canopy above the mosque's entrance (present day)
  • Details of the decoration above the entrance of the mosque (present day)
    Details of the decoration above the entrance of the mosque (present day)

The interior layout of the mosque features a small square courtyard (sahn) flanked by galleries on two sides and by the main prayer hall to the south. Somewhat unusually, the prayer hall is composed of only one transverse "nave" running along the full width of the building instead of being split by multiple rows of arches.[3][2] The prayer hall is covered by a sloped timber roof and a wooden ceiling with painted decoration.[3] The mihrab consists of a niche opening through a horseshoe arch in the middle of the southern wall and surrounded by carved stucco decoration consisting of Arabic epigraphy, geometric motifs, and arabesques. The mihrab was significantly restored or remade during the restorations by Moulay Slimane (1792-1823). Its form is very similar to that of the Chrabliyine Mosque, which was also founded around the same time and was also renovated by Moulay Slimane.[2]

The mosque also features another courtyard on its east side, centered on a water basin decorated with zellij (mosaic tilework) and surrounded by small latrine rooms. This section served as a facility for performing ablutions. This ablutions section is connected to the mosque by a passage off the main courtyard and also has its own street entrance to the east of the mosque's main entrance.[2][3]

Minaret

The mosque's minaret, which rises above the main entrance on Tala'a Seghira, has a typical Moroccan form with a square shaft. The main shaft has a height of 15.65 meters and a width of 3.1 meters, and is topped by a smaller secondary square shaft which is 3 meters tall and 1.2 meters wide.[2] The minaret's east and west facades are decorated with a sebka motif. Its southern and northern facades (including the street-facing side) are covered in a different interlacing pattern that occupies most of the a radiating arch motif at the base.[4][2] The empty spaces within the motifs of each facade are filled with zellij tilework, and a large band of zellij also runs near the top of the minaret's shaft. While the wide motifs of the minaret date from the Marinid period, the zellij tilework within these motifs may have been added around the late 18th or early 19th century during the renovations by Moulay Slimane.[4][5] The band of zellij at the top, however, is likely still part of the Marinid design.[5] The minaret's design bears many resemblances with the Chrabliyine Mosque which was built around the same time.[4][5] However, the interlacing motif on its northern and southern sides distinguishes itself for its greater originality.[5]

  • The northern facade of the minaret (facing the street)
    The northern facade of the minaret (facing the street)
  • The eastern facade of the minaret, seen from the street
    The eastern facade of the minaret, seen from the street

See also

References

  1. ^ Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). Fès avant le protectorat : étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. p. 71.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Maslow, Boris (1937). Les mosquées de Fès et du nord du Maroc. Paris: Éditions d'art et d'histoire. pp. 80–85.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Marçais, Georges (1954). L'architecture musulmane d'Occident. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. p. 277.
  4. ^ a b c d Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014). Le Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. ISBN 9782350314907.
  5. ^ a b c d e Salmon, Xavier (2021). Fès mérinide: Une capitale pour les arts, 1276-1465. Lienart. pp. 119–124. ISBN 9782359063356.
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