2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands

2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands
← 2014 23 May 2019 2024 →
26 Netherlands seats in the European Parliament
Turnout41.93%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Frans Timmermans Malik Azmani Esther de Lange
Party PvdA VVD CDA
Alliance S&D RE EPP
Last election 9.40%, 3 seats 12.02%, 3 seats 15.18%, 5 seats
Seats won 6 4 4
Seat change Increase 3 Increase 1 Decrease 1
Popular vote 1,045,274 805,100 669,555
Percentage 19.01% 14.64% 12.18%
Swing Increase 9.61 Increase 2.62 Decrease 3.00
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Derk Jan Eppink Bas Eickhout Sophie in 't Veld
Party FvD GL D66
Alliance ECR Greens-EFA RE
Last election New 6.98%, 2 seats 15.48%, 4 seats
Seats won 3 3 2
Seat change New Increase 1 Decrease 2
Popular vote 602,507 599,283 389,692
Percentage 10.96% 10.90% 7.09%
Swing New Increase 3.92 Decrease 8.39
  Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party
 
Leader Peter van Dalen Anja Hazekamp Toine Manders
Party CU–SGP PvdD 50+
Alliance EPP / ECR EUL/NGL EPP
Last election 7.67%, 2 seats 4.21%, 1 seats 3.69%, 0 seats
Seats won 2 1 1
Seat change Steady Steady Increase 1
Popular vote 375,660 220,938 215,199
Percentage 6.83% 4.02% 3.91%
Swing Decrease 0.84 Decrease 0.19 Increase 0.22
European Union Netherlands
Elections, candidates and members of the
European Parliament for the Netherlands
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1958–1979 EP delegation
1979–1984 1st election, candidates and members
1984–1989 2nd election, candidates and members
1989–1994 3rd election, candidates and members
1994–1999 4th election, candidates and members
1999–2004 5th election, candidates and members
2004–2009 6th election, candidates and members
2009–2014 7th election, candidates and members
2014–2019 8th election, candidates and members
2019–2024 9th election, candidates and members

An election of the Members of the European Parliament from the Netherlands was held on 23 May 2019. It is the ninth time the elections have been held for the European elections in the Netherlands. The number of Dutch seats was to increase from 26 to 29 following Brexit, but due to the extension of the Article 50 process in the United Kingdom, the number of seats to be elected will remain at 26.

Background

Voting and election organisation

Election Planning

Date Requirement
26 February 2019 Last day for registering political parties names
9 April 2019 Candidate lists presented to the Electoral Council
23 May 2019 European Election in the Netherlands
4 June 2019 Official results released by the Electoral Council
2 July 2019 9th European Parliament session begins (2019-2024)

Right to vote

In order to vote, a person must:

  • have either the Dutch nationality or the nationality of a European Union member state,
  • be 18 years or older, and
  • not be otherwise disqualified from voting.

Additionally, nationals of other member states of the European Union must:

  • be resident in the Netherlands on the day the candidates are nominated,
  • not be disqualified from voting either in the Netherlands or in the Member State in which they are a national, and
  • have registered in a municipality declaring that they want to vote in the Netherlands instead of in the home country (by filling out the Y-32 form).

Dutch nationals abroad, as well as in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have to register to vote for the elections to the European Parliament. When they register, they must say whether they will vote by post, by proxy, or in person at a polling station in the Netherlands.

Dutch nationals living in another EU member state must make a statement that they have not voted in the member state in which they reside, if they want to vote in the Netherlands.

Dutch residents on Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba have no need to register, because these islands are part of the Netherlands. They are able to vote in person at polling stations on the islands.

Right to stand as a candidate

In order to stand in the European Parliament election, a candidate must:

  • hold either Dutch nationality or the nationality of a Member State of the European Union,
  • be at least 18 years of age on the day they would be sworn into the European Parliament, and
  • have the right to vote.

Additionally, candidates from other member states of the European Union must:

  • be resident in the Netherlands, and
  • be able to stand as a candidate in the member state of which they are a national.

Organisation of elections

In elections for the European Parliament, the national electoral districts play no role in the nomination. The Netherlands consists of a single electoral district. Political parties, therefore, take part in the elections with only a single candidate list.

However, the national electoral districts do play an important role in processing the election results. The principal polling station of each constituency determines the vote total of the constituency. The results of the vote are recorded in an official document and transferred to the Electoral Council. The Electoral Council, in its role as the central electoral committee, then determines the result of the Netherlands' distribution of seats.

Casting a vote

A voter could cast their vote at a polling station of their choice within their own district. At the casting their vote, they could identify themselves with an identity document which is considered valid even if it has expired within the last five years.

Participation of political groups

Numbering of the candidates list

The parties which had obtained one or more seats in 2014 at the last election to the European Parliament were given a number based on the number of votes they had received in the previous election. These totalled nine candidate lists. The party with the most votes got number 1 and the rest were listed accordingly. The list numbers for the remaining candidate lists were decided by a lottery.

The official order and names of candidate lists:

Candidate lists for the European Parliament election in the Netherlands
← 2014 2019 2024 →
Lists
List English translation List name (Dutch)
1 list Democrats 66 (D66) Democraten 66 (D66)
2 list CDA - European People's Party CDA - Europese Volkspartij
3 list PVV (Party for Freedom) PVV (Partij voor de Vrijheid)
4 list VVD VVD
5 list SP (Socialist Party) SP (Socialistische Partij)
6 list P.v.d.A./European Social Democrats P.v.d.A./Europese Sociaaldemocraten
7 list Christian Union-SGP ChristenUnie–SGP
8 list GreenLeft GROENLINKS
9 list Party for the Animals Partij voor de Dieren
10 list 50PLUS 50PLUS
11 list Jesus Lives Jezus Leeft
12 list DENK DENK
13 list The Greens De Groenen
14 list Forum for Democracy Forum voor Democratie
15 list Of the Region & Pirate Party vandeRegio & Piratenpartij
16 list Volt Netherlands Volt Nederland
Source:[1]

Common lists

Parties can form common lists, which means that two or more parties create a single list and stand in the elections as though they were one party. There are two for this election:

Common list Parties
Christian Union-SGP Christian Union
Reformed Political Party
From the Region & Pirate Party Pirate Party
From the Region Party

Election day

Traditionally, all elections are held on Wednesday in the Netherlands. However, the European Parliament elections run from Thursday to Sunday across the entire European Union so Thursday was chosen. This is because it is the only day that the Dutch Government believes is appropriate for an election day due to it not being a rest day for any religion. Sunday is not an option because it is a rest day for Christians, while it is the Sabbath on Friday and Saturday.[2][3]

Polls

Exit Poll

An exit poll carried out by Ipsos, as well as a forecast of the result produced by GeenPeil and Maurice de Hond based on a part of results collected, indicated that the Labour Party (PvdA) emerged with the most seats, followed by the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) with four seats each, Forum for Democracy (FvD) and GroenLinks (GL) with three seats and the Democrats 66 (D66) and the Christian Union – Reformed Political Party (CU-SGP) lists with two seats each, with all others on zero or one seat.[4] The result marked the first time the Labour Party had won the most seats of the EU Parliament in the Netherlands since 1984, and the first time it has won the popular vote in a Dutch election since 1998.

Poll

Seats

Polling firm Date(s) D66 CDA PVV VVD SP PvdA CU
SGP 		GL PvdD 50+ DENK FVD Volt Others Lead
2019 election 23 May 2019 2 4 0 4 0 6 2 3 1 1 0 3 0 0 2
Ipsos Archived 2019-05-25 at the Wayback Machine 20–21 May 2019 2 3 2 5 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 5 – 0 Tie
Kantar Public 18–21 May 2019 2 2 1 5 1 5 1 3 1 1 0 4 – – Tie
Peil.nl 19 May 2019 2 4 1 4–5 1 4 2 2 1 0 0 4–5 0 0 Tie
I&O Research[permanent dead link] 9–14 May 2019 2 3 2 4 1 3 2 3 1 1 – 4 – 0 Tie
Ipsos Archived 2019-05-16 at the Wayback Machine 12–13 May 2019 3 3 2 5 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 5 – 0 Tie
Ipsos Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine 26–29 Apr 2019 2 3 2 5 1 2 2 3 1 0 0 5 – – Tie
I&O Research Archived 2019-05-21 at the Wayback Machine 19–24 Apr 2019 3 2 1 5 2 3 2 4 0 0 – 4 – 0 1
2014 election 22 May 2014 4 5 4 3 2 3 2 2 1 0 – – – 0 1

Vote share

Polling firm Date(s) D66 CDA PVV VVD SP PvdA CU
SGP 		GL PvdD 50+ DENK FVD Volt Others Lead
2019 election 23 May 2019 7.1% 12.2% 3.5% 14.6% 3.4% 19.0% 6.8% 10.9% 4.0% 3.9% 1.1% 11.0% 1.9% 0.5% 4.4%
Ipsos Archived 2019-05-25 at the Wayback Machine 20–21 May 2019 7.6% 11.5% 7.2% 15.6% 4.5% 10.4% 6.6% 10.3% 3.2% 3.3% 1.8% 14.9% – 2.9% 0.7%
Kantar Public Archived 2019-05-25 at the Wayback Machine 18–21 May 2019 7.5% 7.9% 5.2% 17.0% 5.8% 15.0% 5.9% 11.0% 4.1% 4.9% 1.2% 13.1% – 1.4% 2.0%
Peil.nl 19 May 2019 7.5% 12.5% 4.0% 15.0% 4.0% 13.0% 8.0% 8.0% 4.5% 3.0% 2.0% 15.0% 2.0% 1.5% Tie
I&O Research[permanent dead link] 9–14 May 2019 7.1% 9.6% 8.5% 15.5% 4.7% 11.8% 6.6% 12.1% 3.5% 3.3% – 12.9% – 1.8% 2.6%
Ipsos Archived 2019-05-16 at the Wayback Machine 12–13 May 2019 8.9% 11.2% 6.2% 16.8% 4.4% 11.1% 5.6% 9.7% 3.7% 3.3% 1.0% 15.5% – 2.7% 1.3%
Ipsos Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine 26–29 Apr 2019 6.5% 9.3% 9.0% 18.1% 5.7% 7.8% 7.1% 9.6% 4.2% 3.5% 1.2% 16.9% – – 1.2%
I&O Research Archived 2019-05-21 at the Wayback Machine 19–24 Apr 2019 10.0% 7.8% 5.9% 17.2% 7.7% 9.0% 7.4% 12.7% 2.9% 2.9% – 14.7% – 1.7% 2.5%
2014 election 22 May 2014 15.5% 15.2% 13.3% 12.0% 9.6% 9.4% 7.7% 7.0% 4.2% 3.7% – – – 2.4% 0.3%

Results

Candidate list

Voter turnout was 41.93%, higher than in 2014 (37.32%), and higher than any European Parliament election in the past twenty years.[5][6][7]

PartyVotes%Seats
Seats+/–Post-Brexit+/–
Labour Party1,045,27419.016+360
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy805,10014.644+15+1
Christian Democratic Appeal669,55512.184–140
Forum for Democracy602,50710.963New4+1
GroenLinks599,28310.903+130
Democrats 66389,6927.092–220
Christian Union – Reformed Political Party375,6606.832020
Party for the Animals220,9384.021010
50PLUS215,1993.911+110
Party for Freedom194,1783.530–41+1
Socialist Party185,2243.370–200
Volt Netherlands106,0041.930New00
DENK60,6691.100New00
Of the Region & Pirate Party10,6920.190000
The Greens9,5460.170000
Jesus Lives8,2920.150000
Total5,497,813100.0026029+3
Valid votes5,497,81399.60
Invalid/blank votes21,9630.40
Total votes5,519,776100.00
Registered voters/turnout13,164,68841.93
Source: Kiesraad

Seat assignment

Electoral quota

The electoral quota is the number of votes needed for one seat. It is the total valid number of votes divided by the number of seats. For this election it was 5,497,813 valid votes, divided by 26 seats. The electoral quota was established as 211,454.

Assigning full seats

Full seats are assigned by number of votes divided by the electoral quota. Electoral alliances are marked as a letter, instead of a number. Any seats left over are not yet assigned to a specific party.

List List name (English translation) Number of votes Electoral quota Seats
1 Democrats 66 389,692 211,454 1
2 CDA - European People's Party 669,555 211,454 3
3 PVV (Party for Freedom) 194,178 211,454 0
4 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy 805,100 211,454 3
5 SP (Netherlands) 185,224 211,454 0
6 P.v.d.A./European Social Democrats 1,045,274 211,454 4
7 Christian Union-SGP 375,660 211,454 1
8 GreenLeft 599,283 211,454 2
9 Party for the Animals 220,938 211,454 1
10 50PLUS 215,199 211,454 1
11 Jesus Lives 8.292 211,454 0
12 THINK 60,669 211,454 0
13 The Greens 9,546 211,454 0
14 Forum for Democracy 602,507 211,454 2
15 Of the Region & Pirate Party 10,692 211,454 0
16 Volt Netherlands 106,004 211,454 0
Total 5,497,813 18
Total seats 26
Remaining seats 8

Remainder seats

The remaining, or left over, seats are awarded sequentially to the lists with the highest average number of votes per seat. Only lists that reached the electoral quota are eligible.

List Remainder seat 1 Remainder seat 2 Remainder seat 3 Remainder seat 4 Remainder seat 5 Remainder seat 6 Remainder seat 7 Remainder seat 8 Total
1 194,846 194,846 194,846 194,846 194,846 129,897 129,897 129,897 1
2 167,388 167,388 167,388 167,388 167,388 167,388 167,388 167,388 1
4 201,275 201,275 161,020 161,020 161,020 161,020 161,020 161,020 1
6 209,054 174,212 174,212 174,212 174,212 174,212 174,212 149,324 2
7 187,830 187,830 187,830 187,830 187,830 187,830 125,220 125,220 1
8 199,761 199,761 199,761 199,761 149,820 149,820 149,820 149,820 1
9 110,469 110,469 110,469 110,469 110,469 110,469 110,469 110,469 0
10 107,599 107,599 107,599 107,599 107,599 107,599 107,599 107,599 0
14 200,835 200,835 200,835 150,626 150,626 150,626 150,626 150,626 1
Assigned to 6 4 14 8 1 7 6 2

European groups

Summary of the 23 May 2019 European Parliament elections in the Netherlands
← 2014 2019 2024 →
European group Seats 2014 Seats 2019 Change Seats
(after Brexit) 		Change
(after Brexit
Renew Europe RE 7 6 1 Decrease 7 1 Increase
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats S&D 3 6 3 Increase 6 0 Steady
European People's Party EPP 5 6 1 Increase 6 0 Steady
European Conservatives and Reformists ECR 2 4 2 Increase 5 1 Increase
The Greens–European Free Alliance Greens-EFA 2 3 1 Increase 3 0 Steady
European United Left–Nordic Green Left EUL-NGL 3 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Identity and Democracy ID 4 0 4 Decrease 1 1 Increase
26 26 0 Steady 29 3 Increase

Elected members

To be elected by preference votes, 10% of the electoral quota is needed. The electoral quota was 211,454. 10% of 211,454 = 21,145 votes.[8]

36 members were directly elected by preference votes. Not all candidates could be appointed because either the party did not get enough seats, or it got no seats.

Below are all the elected members of European parliament for the Netherlands. The following 26 MEPs were officially announced by the Central Electoral Commission. Members elected by preference votes are in bold.

P.v.d.A./European Social Democrats

  1. Frans Timmermans, by 839,240 votes
  2. Agnes Jongerius, by 109,987 votes
  3. Kati Piri, by 29,475 votes
  4. Paul Tang, by 8,497 votes
  5. Vera Tax, by 12,760 votes
  6. Mohammed Chahim, by 2,825 votes

VVD

  1. Malik Azmani, by 365,155 votes
  2. Caroline Nagtegaal-van Doorn, by 163,279 votes
  3. Jan Huitema, by 115,738 votes
  4. Liesje Schreinemacher, by 37,519 votes

CDA – European People's Party

  1. Esther de Lange, by 402,975 votes
  2. Annie Schreijer-Pierik, by 113,914 votes
  3. Jeroen Lenaers, by 50,121 votes
  4. Tom Berendsen, by 28,579 votes

Forum for Democracy

  1. Derk Jan Eppink, by 339,988 votes
  2. Thierry Baudet, by 164,711 votes
  3. Rob Roos, by 41,323 votes

GreenLeft

  1. Bas Eickhout, by 263,034 votes
  2. Tineke Strik, by 149,628 votes
  3. Kim van Sparrentak, by 32,505 votes

Democrats 66 (D66) – ALDE

  1. Sophie in 't Veld, by 248,383 votes
  2. Samira Rafaela, by 32,510 votes

Christian Union-SGP

  1. Peter van Dalen, by 240,459 votes
  2. Bert-Jan Ruissen, by 44,416 votes

Party for the Animals

  1. Anja Hazekamp, by 136,224 votes

50PLUS

  1. Toine Manders, by 127,228 votes

Members not elected, but enough preference votes:

  • D66 - Raoul Boucke, by 22,500 votes
  • VVD - Bart Groothuis, by 21,353 votes
  • Christian Union-SGP - Anja Haga, by 37,813 votes
  • GreenLeft - Sabine Klok, by 26,949 votes
  • GreenLeft - Eline van Nistelrooij, by 26,250 votes
  • 50PLUS - Emmy van der Kleij, by 24,723 votes
  • PVV - Geert Wilders, by 83,448 votes
  • PVV - Marcel de Graaff, by 81,073 votes
  • SP - Arnout Hoekstra, by 93,809 votes
  • SP - Jannie Visscher, by 35,498 votes
  • DENK - Ayhan Tonca, by 25,302 votes
  • Volt Netherlands - Reinier van Lanschot, by 51,621 votes
  • Volt Netherlands - Nilüfer Vogels, by 21,951 votes

MEPs in 2019–2024

Below is a list of members of the European Parliament for the period 2019–2024 as a result of this election.

Name National party EP Group Begin date End date Ref.
Malik Azmani VVD Renew 2 July 2019
Tom Berendsen CDA EPP 2 July 2019
Mohammed Chahim PvdA S&D 2 July 2019
Peter van Dalen CU EPP 2 July 2019 3 September 2023 [9]
Bas Eickhout GL Greens/EVA 2 July 2019
Derk Jan Eppink FVD[a] ECH 2 July 2019 30 March 2021 [10]
JA21[b]
Marcel de Graaff PVV[c] ID[d] 1 February 2020[e] [11][12]
FVD[f]
NI[g]
Bart Groothuis VVD Renew 1 February 2020[e]
Anja Haga CU NI 5 September 2023 [13]
Anja Hazekamp PvdD GUE/NGL 2 July 2019
Michiel Hoogeveen JA21 NI[h] 15 April 2021 [14]
ECH[i]
Jan Huitema VVD Renew 2 July 2019
Agnes Jongerius PvdA S&D 2 July 2019 3 November 2022
Esther de Lange CDA EPP 2 July 2019 15 February 2024
Jeroen Lenaers CDA EPP 2 July 2019
Toine Manders 50+[j] EPP 2 July 2019 [15]
CDA[k]
Caroline Nagtegaal-van Doorn VVD Renew 2 July 2019
Henk Jan Ormel CDA EPP 27 February 2024
Kati Piri PvdA S&D 2 July 2019 30 March 2021
Samira Rafaela D66 Renew 2 July 2019
Thijs Reuten PvdA NI[l] 15 April 2021 [16]
S&D[m]
Catharina Rinzema VVD Renew 18 January 2022 [17]
Rob Rooken FVD[n] ECH 2 July 2019 [18]
JA21[o]
Dorien Rookmaker GO[p] NI[q] 1 February 2020[e] [19]
Indep.[r]
 
MDD[s]
 
ECH[t]
Rob Roos FVD[u] ECH 2 July 2019 [20]
JA21[v]
Bert-Jan Ruissen SGP ECH 2 July 2019
Annie Schreijer-Pierik CDA EPP 2 July 2019
Liesje Schreinemacher VVD Renew 2 July 2019 9 January 2022
Kim van Sparrentak GL Greens/EVA 2 July 2019
Tineke Strik GL Greens/EVA 2 July 2019
Paul Tang PvdA S&D 2 July 2019
Vera Tax PvdA S&D 2 July 2019
Sophie in 't Veld D66[w] Renew 2 July 2019 [21]
Indep.[x]
Lara Wolters PvdA S&D 9 July 2019 [22]

Mutations

2019

Notes

  1. ^ Tot en met 19 December 2020.
  2. ^ From 20 December 2020.
  3. ^ Until 19 January 2022
  4. ^ From 23 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Started on 12 February, but was appointed retroactively.
  6. ^ Since 20 January 2022.
  7. ^ From 24 oktober 2022.
  8. ^ Until 18 April 2021.
  9. ^ From 19 April 2021.
  10. ^ Until 1 June 2020.
  11. ^ Since 2 June 2020.
  12. ^ Until 20 April 2021.
  13. ^ Since 21 April 2021.
  14. ^ Until 19 December 2020.
  15. ^ From 20 December 2020.
  16. ^ Until 27 June 2020.
  17. ^ Until 7 December 2021.
  18. ^ From 28 June 2020 until 24 September 2021.
  19. ^ From 25 September 2021.
  20. ^ Sinds 8 December 2021.
  21. ^ Until 19 December 2020.
  22. ^ From 20 December 2020.
  23. ^ Until 15 June 2023.
  24. ^ Since 16 June 2023

References

  1. ^ "Kiesraad: Final candidatelists for the European Elections 2019 in the Netherlands" (PDF) (in Dutch). Kiesraad. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  2. ^ "Waarom stemmen we in Nederland op woensdag?" [Why in the Netherlands do we vote on a Wednesday?]. Kiesraad.nl (in Dutch). 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  3. ^ "Verkiezing Nederlandse leden van het Europees Parlement" [Election of dutch Members of the European Parliament]. www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Algemene Zaken (Ministry of General Affairs). 2019-04-15. Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  4. ^ "GeenPeil: voor PVV en SP dreigt een vertrek uit Europees Parlement". NOS. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  5. ^ "Opkomst Europese verkiezingen fors hoger dan in 2014" (in Dutch). ad.nl. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  6. ^ "EU-verkiezingen: opkomst hoogste in 20 jaar" (in Dutch). nos.nl. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Opkomst Europese verkiezingen fors hoger" (in Dutch). dvhn.nl. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  8. ^ "Kiesraad: Election results by election commission" (in Dutch). Kiesraad. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  9. ^ "Peter van DALEN". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  10. ^ "Derk Jan EPPINK". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  11. ^ "Drs. M.J.R.L. (Marcel) de Graaff". Parlement.com. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
  12. ^ "Marcel de GRAAFF". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  13. ^ "Anja HAGA". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  14. ^ "Michiel HOOGEVEEN". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  15. ^ "Antonius MANDERS". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  16. ^ "Thijs REUTEN". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  17. ^ "Catharina RINZEMA". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  18. ^ "Rob ROOKEN". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  19. ^ "Dorien ROOKMAKER". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  20. ^ "Robert ROOS". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  21. ^ "Sophia IN 'T VELD". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  22. ^ "L.I. (Lara) Wolters". Parlement.com. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
  23. ^ "ECR Group welcome new members". ECRgroup.eu. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  24. ^ "Benoeming R.J. Rooken tot lid Europees Parlement" (in Dutch). Kiesraad.nl. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  25. ^ "ALDE Group becomes Renew Europe". ALDEparty.eu. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  26. ^ "Salvini alliance to be named Identity and Democracy". Politico.eu. 12 June 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  27. ^ "Europese wegen ChristenUnie en SGP scheidenmembers" (in Dutch). NRC.nl. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  28. ^ "50PLUS vindt in Europa aansluiting bij EVP" (in Dutch). 50PLUSpartij.nl. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  29. ^ "Timmermans toch niet naar EU-parlement" (in Dutch). Europa-nu.nl. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  30. ^ "Benoeming L.I. Wolters tot lid Europees Parlement" (in Dutch). Kiesraad.nl. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  31. ^ "Parlement.com: L.I. (Lara) Wolters" (in Dutch). Parlement.com. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
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