^Krehm, William. Democracia y tiranias en el Caribe. Buenos Aires: Editorial Parnaso. 1957. pp. 37.
^Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter (1997) Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, p27
^Zunes, Stephen. "Movements and Campaigns - Issues - Dictatorships - El Salvador: 1944". Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^Remembering a Massacre in El Salvador: The Insurrection of 1932, Roque Dalton, and the Politics of Historical Memory, by Héctor Lindo-Fuentes, Erik Kristofer Ching, Rafael Lara Martínez, UNM Press, 2007, page 84
^A Force More Powerful: A Century of Non-violent Conflict, by Peter Ackerman and Jack DuVall, St. Martin's Press, 2015, pages 256-263