1941 in aviation

Years in aviation: 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
Centuries: 19th century · 20th century · 21st century
Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s
Years: 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1941:

Events

  • Jackie Cochran became the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic Ocean.
  • During the spring and summer, the Imperial Japanese Navy's air arm conducts Operation 102, its second major bombing campaign against Chungking.[1]
  • By early autumn, the Imperial Japanese Navy has turned all air operations on the Chinese mainland over to the Imperial Japanese Army.[2]
  • The Aeronautical Corporation of America renames itself Aeronca.[3]

January

February

March

April

May

  • Royal Navy Fairey Swordfish aircraft attack Vichy French shipping and shore targets in Syria.[33]
  • Royal Navy Swordfish of No. 814 Squadron from HMS Hermes assist in quelling a rebellion in Iraq, bombing the barracks at Samawa and Nasiriyah.[33]
  • Antishipping strikes by Malta-based RAF Bristol Blenheims and Fleet Air Arm Swordfish against Axis convoys in the Mediterranean in May and June will leave German and Italian forces in North Africa too short of ammunition to conduct a counteroffensive after defeating the British Operation Battleaxe in June.[34]
  • May 2 – The Anglo-Iraqi War between British forces and a pro-Axis Iraqi government begins with 41 RAF Station Habbaniya- and Shaibah-based planes launching a surprise attack against Iraqi forces surrounding Habbaniya and Iraqi airfields. Royal Iraqi Air Force aircraft respond. By the end of the day, the British have destroyed 22 Iraqi aircraft on the ground, losing five of their own.
  • May 3–6 – RAF aircraft continue to attack Iraqi positions surrounding RAF Habbinya and Iraqi airfields, eventually forcing Iraq forces to withdraw on May 6.
  • May 6 – Igor Sikorsky sets a world endurance record for helicopter flight of 1 hour 32 minutes, in a Sikorsky VS-300.
  • May 6–7 (overnight) through 11-12 (overnight) – RAF Bomber Command mounts four major raids on Hamburg, Germany, over the course of six nights, averaging 128 bombers per raid. The second, third, and fourth raids combined kill 233, injure 713, and leave 2,195 homeless.[35]
  • May 7 – 40 RAF aircraft attack Iraqi reinforcements headed for Habbaniya, inflicting about 1,000 casualties and paralyzing the Iraqi column. Over the next few days, British aircraft destroy the remainder of the Royal Iraqi Air Force.
  • May 10
    • Flying via Vichy French-controlled Syria, aircraft of the German Luftwaffe begin to arrive at Mosul, Iraq, to support Iraqi forces against the British under the command of Fliegerführer Irak.
    • Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland to try to negotiate an alliance with Britain against the Soviet Union.
    • 550 German bombers drop more than 700 tons (711 tonnes, 635,036 kg) of bombs on London, killing 1,500 people and seriously injuring 1,800.[36]
  • May 14
    • German aircraft begin daily bombing of Crete to soften it up for the upcoming German airborne assault on the island.[37]
    • The RAF receives authorization to attack German aircraft on Vichy French airfields in Syria. British fighters disable two Heinkel He 111s on the ground at Palmyra, Syria.
  • May 15
  • May 15–16 – Iraqi and German aircraft attack a British column moving into Iraq from Palestine.
  • May 18 – RAF aircraft bomb Iraqi positions around Fallujah and along the road from Fallujah to Baghdad.
  • May 19 – 57 British aircraft attack Iraqi positions around Fallujah. dropping 10 tons (9,072 kg) of bombs as well as leaflets in 134 sorties. German aircraft attack RAF Habbaniya.
  • May 20
  • May 21
  • May 22
  • May 23
    • 24 German dive-bombers attack the British destroyers HMS Kelly and HMS Kashmir as they attempt to retire after a patrol north of Crete the previous night, sinking both. Among the survivors is Captain Lord Louis Mountbatten.[44]
    • German aircraft attack British positions around Fallujah for the first time, with little effect.
  • May 24 – Nine Swordfish torpedo bombers from the British aircraft carrier HMS Victorious score a torpedo hit on the German battleship Bismarck in the North Atlantic Ocean, aggravating damage she had sustained early in the day in the Battle of Denmark Strait.[45]
  • May 26
    • 15 Swordfish from the British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal attack Bismarck, scoring two torpedo hits. One hit damages Bismarck's port rudder so badly that she becomes unmaneuverable, allowing British surface ships to catch and sink her the following morning.[46]
    • German dive-bombers set the British infantry landing ship HMS Glenroy on fire, preventing her from bringing reinforcements to Crete.[47]
    • Eight aircraft from the British aircraft carrier HMS Formidable raid the Axis airfield at Scarpanto. Retaliating German dive-bombers badly damage Formidable and a destroyer; the following day they also damage the battleship HMS Barham.[47]
  • May 27 – Twelve Italian Fiat CR.42 Falco bombers arrive at Mosul to support Iraqi forces against the British under the command of the German Fliegerführer Irak.
  • May 29
    • Surviving elements of Fliegerführer Irak depart Iraq.
    • German dive-bombers attack a British naval task force as it retires from Crete with evacuated British troops aboard. They fatally damage the destroyer HMS Imperial, sink the destroyer HMS Hereward, and damage the light cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Dido and HMS Orion. A single bomb that strikes Orion kills 260 and wounds 280.[48]
    • The United States Army Air Corps forms Ferrying Command to fly newly manufactured aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean to the United Kingdom.
  • May 30 – German bombers damage the Australian light cruiser HMAS Perth as she retires after evacuating troops from Crete. Two more British destroyers are damaged before the evacuation is complete.[49]
  • May 31 – The Anglo-Iraq War ends with the collapse of Iraqi resistance.

June

  • The destruction of bridges along the Burma Road by Imperial Japanese Navy bombers based at Hanoi in French Indochina forces the road to close.[2]
  • The Japan Air Industries Company Ltd. and the International Aircraft Company Ltd. merge to form Nippon Kokusai Koku Kogyo K.K. (the Japan International Air Industries Company Ltd)., best known as Kokusai.[50]
  • June 1
    • German Junkers Ju 88 bombers sink the British light cruiser HMS Calcutta 100 nautical miles (190 kilometres) north of Alexandria, Egypt, as she retires after evacuating troops from Crete.[51]
    • Germany completes the conquest of Crete. German airborne forces have suffered such heavy losses – probably 6,000 to 7,000 casualties and 284 aircraft lost – in the eleven days of fighting that Germany never again attempts a large airborne operation.
  • June 2 – The United States Navy commissions USS Long Island (AVG-1), its first escort aircraft carrier - at the time designated an "aircraft escort vessel" (AVG) - at Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia.[52]
  • June 8 – General Yakov Smushkevich, the commander of the Soviet Air Forces from 1939 to 1940 who had overseen their poor performance during the Winter War with Finland, is arrested as part of the 1941 purge of the Soviet armed forces. He will be executed in October.[53]
  • June 8–July 8 – The British invade Syria, and aerial combat between British and Vichy French aircraft ensues.
  • June 16
  • June 17 – The Royal Navy commissions its first escort aircraft carrier, HMS Empire Audacity. She later will be renamed HMS Audacity and become the world's first escort carrier to deploy in combat.
  • June 20 – The United States Department of War creates the United States Army Air Forces, with General Henry H. Arnold as its first commander. As part of the reorganization, General Headquarters Air Force is renamed Air Force Combat Command; the new Army Air Forces organization consists of Air Force Combat Command (its combat element) with the logistics and training element of the earlier United States Army Air Corps now retaining this name for such elements, during the war years.[56]
  • June 22
    • Germany invades the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). At sunrise, a Luftwaffe force of 500 bombers, 270 dive bombers, and 480 fighters make a surprise attack on 66 forward Soviet airbases, destroying over 100 Soviet Air Force aircraft on the ground at one base alone. By 13:30 hours, the Germans have destroyed 800 Soviet aircraft in exchange for ten of their own. By the end of the day, the Germans have destroyed 1,811 Soviet aircraft – 1,489 on the ground and 322 in the air.[57]
    • Soviet Tupolev SB-2 and Ilyushin DB-3 bombers suffer heavy losses in attacks on German airfields near Warsaw; German fighters shoot down 20 out of 25 Soviet bombers on one raid.[58]
    • During the first hour of Operation Barbarossa, Soviet pilot Lieutenant I. I. Ivanov of the 46th Fighter Air Regiment rams a Heinkel He 111, the first of 10 Soviet taran attacks against Luftwaffe combat aircraft that day and more than 200 during the war; Ivanov is killed in the ramming.[59]
  • June 23 – During the second day of Operation Barbarossa, the Soviets lose another 1,000 aircraft.[60]
  • June 24 – The commander of the Soviet Air Forces, General Pavel Rychagov, is arrested as part of the 1941 purge of the Soviet armed forces because he had called Soviet military aircraft "flying coffins." His wife, aviator Maria Nesterenko, will be arrested on 25 June for failing to denounce him as a state criminal. After Rygachov is tortured, they both will be executed in October.[38][53]
  • June 28
    • In the early morning hours, 35 British bombers attempting an attack on Bremen stray so far off course that they mistakenly bomb Hamburg – 110 km (68 mi) northeast of Bremen – instead, losing five of their number to German night fighters over the city while killing seven people, injuring 39, and leaving 280 homeless.[35]
    • At the end of the first week of Operation Barbarossa, the Luftwaffe has destroyed 4,017 Soviet aircraft in exchange for 150 of its own.[60]
  • June 30

July

August

September

October

  • Aircraft from the British aircraft carrier HMS Victorious strike Glomfjord, Norway, sinking two merchant ships for the loss of two Fairey Albacores.[85]
  • October 1 – Inter-Island Airways is renamed Hawaiian Airlines.
  • October 2 – Heini Dittmar sets a new airspeed record of 1,004 km/h (624 mph) in a Messerschmitt Me 163A. The record is unofficial because the flight (and the Me 163 programme) is kept secret, and remains "unbroken" until officially exceeded by the American Douglas Skystreak in August 1947.
  • October 6 – During the first week of Operation Typhoon, the Soviet Air Force has flown 700 sorties against German forces driving toward Moscow.[86]
  • October 9 – Since October 1, German aircraft supporting Operation Typhoon have flown more than 4,000 sorties against the Soviet Western Front alone.[86]
  • October 11–18 – Soviet Air Force aircraft strike Luftwaffe staging airfields along the northwestern, western, and southwestern approaches to Moscow.[87]
  • October 11–12 – After Soviet intelligence detects Luftwaffe plans for a major air attack on October 12 targeting industrial complexes, airfields, railroad terminals, and logistical facilities in the Soviet Western Front area, Soviet Air Force aircraft mount a major preemptive strike against German airfields at Vitebsk, Smolensk, Orel, Orsha, Siversk, and elsewhere overnight on October 11–12, followed by another large raid on the morning of October 12. The Soviets claim 500 German aircraft destroyed, although German sources do not confirm that number.[87]
  • October 18 – The German drive on Moscow stalls because of mud, and will make little progress until the ground freezes in mid-November. During this period, the Soviet Air Force flies 26,000 sorties in support of forces defending Moscow.[88]
  • October 27 – Victor Talalikhin, the Soviet Union's first major air hero of World War II, is killed in action during a dogfight with German aircraft.
  • October 28 – As part of the 1941 purge of the Soviet armed forces, 20 officers of the Soviet armed forces are executed. Among those shot are General Yakov Smushkevich, commander of the Soviet Air Forces from 1939 to 1940 who had overseen its poor performance during the Winter War with Finland,[89] General Pavel Rychagov, commander of the Soviet Air Forces from 1940 to 1941, and Rychagov's wife, aviator Maria Nesterenko. Rychagov is executed because he had called Soviet military aircraft "flying coffins" and Nesterenko because she had failed to denounce him as a state criminal.[38][53]

November

  • Italy begins the conversion of the passenger liner SS Roma into the first Italian aircraft carrier, later named Aquila ("Eagle"). The conversion will halt in an incomplete state when Italy surrenders to the Allies in September 1943 and will never be finished.[90]
  • November 7–8 (overnight) – 392 British bombers attack Berlin, Cologne, and Mannheim, losing 36 of their number – a heavy 9.2 percent loss rate.[91]
  • November 12 – The British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is sunk in the Mediterranean east of Gibraltar by the German submarine U-81.
  • November 15-December 5 – The Luftwaffe carries out 41 raids on Moscow. Soviet air defenses claim an average of 30 to 40 German aircraft shot down per day during the attacks.[86] During the same period, the Soviet Air Force, better prepared for cold-weather operations than the Luftwaffe, reportedly flies 15,840 sorties while Luftwaffe aircraft supporting Operation Typhoon manage only 3,500. Soviet sources claim that the Luftwaffe loses 1,400 aircraft during this time.[92]
  • November 17 – Ernst Udet, the Luftwaffe's Director-General of Equipment and the second-highest German ace of World War I (62 victories), commits suicide.
  • November 22
    • The German fighter ace Werner Mölders dies in the crash of a Heinkel He 111 bomber at Breslau while riding as a passenger on his way to Ernst Udet's funeral. His official kill total stands at 115 at the time of his death, although he is believed to have shot down another 30 Soviet aircraft for which he received no credit while making unauthorized combat flights during the last months of his career.
    • Malta-based British aircraft attack an Axis convoy bound from Naples to North Africa, damaging the Italian light cruiser Luigi di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi.[93]
  • November 30
  • November 30-December 4 – U.S. Navy patrol aircraft based in the Philippine Islands monitor Japanese naval and shipping activity at Camranh Bay in French Indochina.[95]

December

First flights

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

December

Entered service

February

April

May

July

August

September

November

December

Retirements

May

References

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