1936 in aviation

Years in aviation: 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
Centuries: 19th century · 20th century · 21st century
Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s
Years: 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1936:

Events

January

February

  • British Marine Aircraft Ltd. is established at Hamble, Hampshire to produce Sikorsky S-42-A flying boats under licence in the United Kingdom but nothing comes of it. The company subsequently will become Folland Aircraft Limited.[8]
  • Flying an Aeronca C-3, Helen Richey sets an international women's speed record for light planes, averaging 73 mph (117 km/h) during a 51-minute flight covering 100 km (62 mi).[9]
  • February 2 – Karl Lange makes a daring landing on the ice of Chesapeake Bay in the Goodyear Blimp Enterprise as part of a United States Army Air Corps operation to bring supplies by air to the residents of Virginia′s Tangier Island, who face starvation after a severe winter storm. Ships have been unable to reach the island because of ice in the bay.[10]
  • February 9 – After a one-hour, 54-mile (87-km) flight from Langley Field, Virginia, a U.S. Army Air Corps 49th Bomb Squadron Keystone B-6A bomber drops 1,000 pounds (450 kg) of supplies in 50-pound (23 kg) parcels to the residents of Tangier Island, flying at an altitude of not more than 10 feet (3.0 meters).[11]
  • February 10 – During the morning, two U.S. Army Air Corps 49th Bomb Squadron B-6A bombers make flights to drop supplies at very low altitudes at Tangier Island, and a third B-6A drops supplies at nearby Smith Island, Maryland. Two B-6As drop additional supplies at Tangier Island during the afternoon. Based on the success of the supply flights of February 9 and 10, the 49th Bomb Squadron will fly an additional 13 flights to drop supplies to the islands using Martin B-10B bombers.[11]
  • February 13 – Imperial Airways commences airmail services to West Africa.
  • February 15 – Italian aircraft based at nearby Mek'ele, Ethiopia, maintain at least 12 aircraft over the battlefield all day during the Battle of Amba Aradam against Ethiopian troops. It is a forerunner of the World War II "cab rank" technique of keeping airborne aircraft continually on call over a battlefield to bomb enemy positions when needed.[12][13]
  • February 16–19 – On February 16, Marshal Pietro Badoglio orders Italian ground forces not to pursue Ethiopian forces after they begin to retreat from Amba Aradam and assigns the task of exploitation of Italy's victory to the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica), a novel task for an air force. Italian aircraft drop 40 tons (36,288 kg) of bombs on retreating Ethiopian forces over the last four days of the battle with devastating effect, and on February 19 a strafing aircraft mortally wounds the Ethiopian military leader Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu, who dies eight days later.[14]
  • February 17 – The Australian airline Ansett Airways (the future Ansett Australia) begins flight operations. Its first flight is from Hamilton Airport in Victoria to Melbourne, using a Fokker Universal.
  • February 27 – During the Second Battle of Tembien, Italian aircraft drop 200 tons (181 tonnes/metric tons) of high-explosive bombs on forming-up areas for Ethiopian troops and kill many Ethiopians fleeing the battlefield as they ford the Takkaze River.[15]

March

April

May

June

July

August

  • Germany begins sending four transport flights to Spain per week to support the Spanish Nationalist faction, It will continue to do so for over two years.[32]
  • August 1 – Ten more German Junkers Ju 52 transports and six Heinkel He 51 fighters arrive at Cadiz for service with the Spanish Nationalist faction.[38]
  • 4 August – A demonstration of gliding at the 1936 Summer Olympics takes place at Berlin-Staaken airfield. Fourteen pilots from seven countries take part.[39][40]
  • August 5 – Five Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers are among aircraft covering a convoy of merchant ships carrying 3,000 Nationalist soldiers and their equipment from Spanish Morocco to Spain.[35]
  • August 6 – German Junkers Ju 52 transports begin a schedule of airlifting 500 Nationalist troops a day from Spanish Morocco to Spain. Nationalist leader Francisco Franco himself makes the flight on August 6.[41]
  • August 9 – Six aircraft support a Republican seizure of Ibiza.[42]
  • August 10 – A Nationalist ground column under Colonel Juan Yagüe y Blanco captures Mérida, Spain, after advancing 200 miles (320 km) in less than a week. Nine German Junkers Ju 52s and eight Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81s have given the column local air superiority, while a civilian aeroclub from Seville has provided aerial reconnaissance and in one instance forced Republican militiamen to abandon their positions by dropping melons on them.[43]
  • August 13 – A Nationalist air raid off Málaga damages the Republican battleship Jaime I.[33]
  • August 16 – Seaplanes from Barcelona support a Republican landing on Majorca. In reaction, three Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers, three Italian Fiat CR.32 fighters, and various Spanish Nationalist aircraft are sent to be based on the island. The presence of the CR.32s precludes any further Republican air attacks on Majorca.[44]
  • August 23 – Nationalist aircraft bomb the airport at Getafe, Spain.[45]
  • August 25 – Nationalist aircraft bomb Cuatro Vientos Airport in Madrid, Spain.[45]
  • August 27–29 – German Junkers Ju 52s supporting the Nationalists bomb Madrid. They damage the Ministry of War on August 29. It is the first terror bombing of a large city since World War I.[45]

September

  • The Uruguayan airline PLUNA is founded. It will begin flight operations in November.
  • September 2 – Flying the Lady Peace, a Vultee V-1A filled with 41,000 ping pong balls to help it remain afloat if it is forced down at sea, Dick Merrill and Harry Richman begin the first transatlantic round trip by air, taking off from Floyd Bennett Field in New York City on what becomes known as the "Ping Pong Flight." They arrive at Llandeilo, Wales, 18 hours 36 minutes later, setting a new record for the fastest transatlantic crossing. The following day, they fly on to London's Croydon Airport. They will fly the return leg on September 14.[46]
  • September 3 – Nationalist aircraft on Majorca support a counteroffensive against Republican invaders, demoralizing them and sparking a precipitous Republican retreat from the island, which will become an important Nationalist base for the remainder of the Spanish Civil War.[47]
  • September 4–5 – English-born aviator Beryl Markham makes the first east-to-west solo transatlantic flight by a woman, in her Percival Vega Gull The Messenger, from RAF Abingdon at Abingdon-on-Thames in England to Baleine Cove on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada, where engine failure forces her to crash-land. She also becomes the first person to make a non-stop east-to-west solo transatlantic flight to North America originating in England. The 2,612-mile (4,206-km) flight takes her 21 hours 35 minutes at an average speed of 121 miles per hour (195 kilometres per hour)r).[48]
  • September 5 – The Bendix Trophy race from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, to Mines Field in Los Angeles, California, takes place, with nine men and six women competing. The team of Louise Thaden and Blanche Noyes wins in a Beechcraft C-17 Staggerwing, Laura Ingalls places second flying a Lockheed Orion 9D Special, and the team of Amelia Earhart and Helen Richey finishes fifth in a Lockheed 10E Electra. Joe Jacobson's Northrop Gamma 2A catches fire and crashes near Stafford, Kansas, but he parachutes to safety.[49]
  • September 6 – Italian aircraft arriving in Majorca establish a Nationalist bombing capability against Republican Spain.[33]
  • September 11 – Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev of the Soviet Union at the controls sets a payload-to-altitude record of 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) to 8,116 meters (26,627 feet).
  • September 14 – Dick Merrill and Harry Richman fly the return leg of the "Ping Pong Flight" begun on September 2, taking off from Southport, England, in the Vultee V-1A Lady Peace, filled with 41,000 ping pong balls to keep it afloat if it is forced down in the ocean. After Richman panics during a storm and dumps 500 gallons of fuel, leaving then unable to reach New York City, Merrill safely makes a forced landing later in the day in a soft bog at Musgrave Harbour in the Dominion of Newfoundland. After minor repairs and refueling, they fly on to New York City on September 21, completing the first transatlantic round trip by air in history.[46]
  • September 16 – A Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev at the controls sets a payload-to-altitude record of 10,000 kg (22,000 lb) to 6,605 meters (21,670 feet).
  • September 19 – Tom Campbell Black is killed while waiting to take off at Speke Airport in Liverpool, England, when a Royal Air Force Hawker Hart light bomber of No. 611 Squadron taxiing after landing collides with his Percival Mew Gull (registration G-AEKL).
  • September 20 – A Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev at the controls set a payload-to-altitude record of 12,000 kg (26,000 lb) to 2,700 meters (8,900 feet).
  • September 28 – Flying the Bristol Type 138A, Royal Air Force Squadron Leader F. R. D. Swain takes off from Farnborough, England, and sets a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale-homologated world altitude record of 15,230 meters (49,970 feet). He lands at Netheravon.[50]
  • September 30 – The German airlift of Spanish Nationalist troops from Spanish Morocco to Spain ends after 677 flights carrying 12,000 men in August and September. The airlift will be one of the most decisive factors in the eventual Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War.[35]

October

  • October 1 – C. W. A. Scott and Giles Guthrie win the Schlesinger Race from England to Johannesburg, South Africa, flying Vega Gull G-AEKE landing at Rand Airport on 1 October 1936. The aircraft left Portsmouth 52 hours 56 minutes 48 seconds earlier. Out of the original 14 entries to the race Scott and Guthrie are the only ones to finish, winning the 10,000 pounds prize money.
  • October 12 – Nationalist aircraft sink the Republican submarine B-5 off the coast of Spain near Málaga.[33]
  • October 19 – H. R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram, wins a race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights, beating Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal and Leo Kieran of The New York Times. The flight takes 181⁄2 days.
  • October 21 – Pan American World Airways initiates the first transpacific airline service for paying passengers with six-day-a-week passenger service between San Francisco, California, and Manila in the Philippine Islands via Honolulu, Hawaii.[51][52]
  • October 25 – The United States Navy's first aircraft carrier, USS Langley (CV-1), is decommissioned for conversion into a seaplane tender, redesignated AV-3.[53]
  • October 28 – Tupolev TB-3-4AM-34FRN with A. B. Yumashev of the Soviet Union at the controls sets a payload-to-altitude record of 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) to 8,980 meters (29,460 feet).
  • October 29 – Soviet aircraft appear in combat for the first time in the Spanish Civil War as Alcantarilla-based Tupolev SB-2 bombers with Soviet pilots and Spanish bombardiers and gunners bomb Seville in support of Republican forces. On the same day, Nationalist forces begin a heavy bombing campaign against Madrid.[54]

November

  • November 1 – Central Airlines and Pennsylvania Airlines merge to form Pennsylvania Central Airlines.
  • November 3 – New Soviet Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighters fly their first missions of the Spanish Civil War, supporting Republican forces. Their superior performance will allow the Republican side to gain air superiority over Nationalist forces.[55]
  • November 4 – Soviet fighters see combat for the first time in the Spanish Civil War, when Polikarpov I-15s led by Pavel Rychagov disperse a squadron of Fiat CR.32 fighters escorting Junkers Ju 52 bombers over Madrid, shooting two CR.32s and two Ju 52s, and forcing a third Ju 52 and a Heinkel two-seater aircraft to crash-land without loss to themselves. Over the next two days, the Soviet pilots claim 12 more aerial victories in exchange for the loss of two I-15s.[33][56][57]
  • November 6 – The German Luftwaffe's Condor Legion, a force of about 100 aircraft, begins to depart Germany for Seville, Spain, to support Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War.[58][59]
  • November 8–23 – Soviet aircraft play an important role in the Republican defense of Madrid.[33]
  • November 12 – The Congress of the Philippines passes the Civil Aviation Law of the Philippines, creating the country's Bureau of Aeronautics.
  • November 15–17 – The German Condor Legion sees its first action of the Spanish Civil War, supporting Nationalist forces fighting to take Madrid.[33]
  • November 16 – Flying a Polikarpov I-15 fighter, future Soviet Air Forces ace Pavel Rychagov is shot down during a dogfight with Fiat CR.32s over Madrid. He survives and returns to duty.[57]
  • November 19 – The Uruguayan airline PLUNA begins flight operations.
  • November 19–22 – Curious to see the reaction of a civilian population to an attempt to systematically destroy its city by bombing, officers of the German Condor Legion supporting Francisco Franco's desire to bomb Madrid into surrendering oversee a bombing campaign by German Junker Ju 52s and Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81s that kills 150 people in the city. It is the heaviest bombing ever carried out against a city up to that time.[60]
  • November 28 – Thus far in the Spanish Civil War, Italy has sent about 24 Fiat CR.32 fighters, 19 Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers, and some IMAM Ro.37 reconnaissance aircraft to support the Nationalists.[61]

December

First flights

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

December

Entered service

January

February

March

June

July

August

October

November

Retirements

December

References

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  2. ^ Hinchcliffe, Peter, The Other Battle: Luftwaffe Night Aces Versus Bomber Command, Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books, 2001, ISBN 0-7858-1418-3, p. 44.
  3. ^ Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, ISBN 0-87474-510-1, p. 48.
  4. ^ A Chronological History of Coast Guard Aviation: The Early Years, 1915-1938.
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  7. ^ Barker, A. J., The Rape of Ethiopia 1936, New York: Ballantine Books, Inc., 1971, p. 77.
  8. ^ Fagan, Dave. 'Hamble' Aviation in Hampshire UK 1900 to 2000 Archived 2006-03-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 20, 2005
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  13. ^ flightglobal.com Close Air Support in Burma
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