1904 in Germany

Decades:	1880s; 1890s; 1900s; 1910s; 1920s;
See also:	Other events of 1904; History of Germany • Timeline • Years

Events in the year 1904 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

Kaiser – Wilhelm II
Chancellor – Bernhard von Bülow

State level

Kingdoms

King of Bavaria – Otto
King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
King of Saxony – George to 15 October then Frederick Augustus III
King of Württemberg – William II

Grand duchies

Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg–Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg–Strelitz – Frederick William to 30 May, then Adolphus Frederick V
Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
Grand Duke of Saxe–Weimar–Eisenach – William Ernest

Principalities

Schaumburg–Lippe – George, Prince of Schaumburg–Lippe
Schwarzburg–Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg–Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg–Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg–Sondershausen
Principality of Lippe – Alexander, Prince of Lippe (with Ernest II, Count of Lippe–Biesterfeld to 26 September, and then Leopold, Count of Lippe–Biesterfeld, as regents)
Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line as regent)
Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt to 24 January, then Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
Duke of Saxe–Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe–Altenburg
Duke of Saxe–Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe–Coburg and Gotha
Duke of Saxe–Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe–Meiningen

Colonial governors

Cameroon (Kamerun) – Jesko von Puttkamer (8th term) to 9 May, then Otto Gleim (acting governor) (1st term)
Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Oskar von Truppel
German East Africa (Deutsch–Ostafrika) – Gustav Adolf von Götzen
German New Guinea (Deutsch–Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term)
German Samoa (Deutsch–Samoa) – Wilhelm Solf
German South–West Africa (Deutsch–Südwestafrika) – Theodor Leutwein
Togoland – Waldemar Horn

Events

12 January – The Herero of Deutsch–Südwestafrika, under the leadership of Samuel Maharero, rise against German colonial rule. The rising marks the beginning of what has become known as the Herero and Namaqua Genocide.
3 March – Kaiser Wilhelm II becomes the first person to make a political recording of a document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder.
April - The German Imperial Navy introduces SOS as a distress signal.
11 August – The German Imperial Army, under Lothar von Trotha, defeat the Herero tribesmen at the Battle of Waterberg.

Architecture

The Prussian House of Lords is rebuilt.
The Kaiserbrücke in Mainz is completed.
Publisher Pier Verlag established in Munich.

Arts

January – Süddeutsche Monatshefte begins publication.
Max Beckmann, Hans Purrmann, and Alexej von Jawlensky are added to the Berlin Secession group of artists.^[1]
Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth paints a series of three portraits depicting socialite Marianne Lichtwark.^[2]

Commerce

September – Stationery manufacturer Herlitz established in Berlin.
Accumulatoren–Fabrik AFA establishes its battery making subsidiary VARTA in Hagen.

Diplomacy

8 April – The Convention of Istanbul, signed by a number of powers including Germany in 1888, came into force.^[3]

Science

Foundation of the German Journal for Evidence and Quality in Healthcare ZEFQ.

Sport

Association football

16 April – FC Einigkeit Braunschweig established.
4 May – FC Schalke 04 established.
21 May – The International Federation of Association Football, FIFA, is established with Germany as a founder member.
13 June – Westfalia Herne established.
1 July – Bayer 04 Leverkusen established.^[4]
4 July – Borussia Fulda established.
25 July – Reinickendorfer FC West established.
29 July – Alemannia Schwäbisch Gmünd established.^[5]
4 August – FC Singen 04 established.
Date unknown – Germania Breslau, Sport Club Reuß, Fußball–Club Prussia Königsberg, Oberhausener SV and 1. Würzburger FV 04 amongst the other clubs established.

Other

1 July to 24 November – 1904 Summer Olympics take place in St. Louis, Missouri. Germany finishes second in the overall medal table with four gold medals, four silver and five bronze. The four gold medals all come in the swimming events, with two for Emil Rausch and one each for Walter Brack and Georg Zacharias.
Date unknown – The inaugural Berlin City Chess Championship is won by Horatio Caro.

Transport

The Berlin Mexikoplatz station is opened under the name Zehlendorf–Beerenstraße.

Ships launched

SMS Deutschland (battleship)
SMS Lothringen (battleship)
SS Scharnhorst (passenger liner)
SMS Yorck (armoured cruiser)

Publications

Drama

Erich Mühsam – The Con Men
Frank Wedekind – Die Büchse der Pandora

Non–fiction

Ernst Haeckel – Kunstformen der Natur

Births

2 January – Walter Heitler, physicist
8 January – Karl Brandt, Nazi physician
9 January – Wilhelm Groth, physical chemist
29 January – Arnold Gehlen, German philosopher (died 1976)^[6]
18 February – Otto Rahn, medievalist and SS officer (died 1939)^[7]
22 February – Ernst Jakob Henne, racing driver (died 2005)^[8]
28 February – Alfred Bohrmann, astronomer
5 March – Karl Rahner, theologian
7 March – Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the RSHA (died 1942)^[9]
7 March – Kurt Weitzmann, art historian^[10]
10 March – Adalbert Schneider, Navy officer
11 March – Albrecht von Hagen, Resistance fighter
12 March – Adolf Arndt, politician
21 March – Karl Leonhard, psychiatrist
24 March – Hans Ertel, natural scientist
26 March – Hermann Schroeder, composer
6 April – Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (died 1988)^[11]
12 April – Paul Dahlke, actor
15 April – Valentin Krempl, bobsledder
17 April – Franz Reuß, Luftwaffe general
27 April – Fritz Weitzel, SS officer
28 April – Elisabeth Schumacher, Resistance fighter
4 May – Josef Pieper, philosopher
8 May – Franz Schreiber, SS officer
9 May – Reinhard Schwarz–Schilling, composer
23 May – Johannes Flintrop, critic of Nazism
7 June – Werner Gruner, German weapons designer (died 1995)
14 June – Marion Yorck von Wartenburg, jurist and Resistance fighter (died 2007)
20 June – Heinrich von Brentano, politician (died 1964)^[12]
9 July – Ernst Küppers, swimmer
14 July – Hans von Herwarth, diplomat
15 July – Rudolf Arnheim, film theorist
2 August – Werner Seelenbinder, wrestler and communist
9 August – Hasso von Boehmer, Army officer
10 August – Karl Helling, chess master
16 August – Klaus von Pape, Nazi 'martyr'
24 August – Ludwig Schmidseder, composer and pianist
29 August – Werner Forssmann, physician and Nobel Prize in Medicine laureate
30 August – Friedrich von Mellenthin, Army general
1 September – Karl Ernst, Sturmabteilung leader
8 September – Karl Hessenberg, mathematician
14 September – Walter Meyer, rower
3 October – Ernst–Günther Schenck, SS officer
21 October – Basilea Schlink, founder and leader of the Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary
23 October – Maximilien de Furstenberg, Roman Catholic cardinal
12 November – Edmund Veesenmayer, Nazi politician
13 November – Günter Reimann, communist activist
13 November – Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, jurist and Resistance fighter
26 November – Bernhard Krüger, SS officer
11 December – Felix Nussbaum, surrealist painter
17 December – Josef–Franz Eckinger, Army officer
30 December – Edith Schultze–Westrum, actress
Date unknown – Heinz Kloss, linguist
Date unknown – Wolfgang Stresemann, orchestra leader

Deaths

4 January – Friedrich Jolly, neurologist
5 January – Karl Alfred von Zittel, palaeontologist
6 January – Friedrich von Hefner-Alteneck, electrical engineer
10 January – Christian August Friedrich Garcke, botanist
20 January – Albert von Maybach, railway manager
24 January – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt, nobleman
24 February – Ernst von Prittwitz und Gaffron, Prussian general
5 March – Alfred von Waldersee, Field Marshal
22 March – Karl Moritz Schumann, botanist
1 April – Otto von Böhtlingk, Indologist
6 May – Franz von Lenbach, painter
21 May – Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg, nobleman
24 May – Duchess Maria Isabella of Württemberg, noblewoman
30 May – Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg–Strelitz, nobleman
5 July – Franz Martin Hilgendorf, zoologist
4 August – Christoph von Sigwart, philosopher
5 August – Karl Weigert, pathologist
9 August – Friedrich Ratzel, geographer
26 August – Franz Riegel, internist
3 September – Heinrich Koebner, dermatologist
18 September – Herbert von Bismarck, politician
26 September – Ernest II, Count of Lippe–Biesterfeld, nobleman, regent of the Principality of Lippe
8 October – Clemens Winkler, chemist who discovered germanium
15 October – George, King of Saxony
29 October – Emil Schlagintweit, scholar of Tibetan Buddhism
10 November – Alphons Stübel, geologist and vulcanologist
19 November – Hans von Hopfen, writer
2 December – Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern–Sigmaringen, nobleman
20 December – Alexandrine of Baden (1820–1904), noblewoman
25 December – Guido Bodländer, chemist
Date unknown
- Gustav Kessler, trade unionist
- Eduard von Martens, zoologist
- Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke, botanist

References

^ Lovis Corinth
^ Carolyn Helen Kay, Art and the German Bourgeoisie: Alfred Lichtwark and Modern Painting in Hamburg, 1886–1914, Buffalo NY, 2002, p. 103
^ Allain, Jean (2004). International Law in the Middle East: Closer to Power Than Justice. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-7546-2436-3.
^ "ABOUT BAYER 04". Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fussball GmbH. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^ "Historie" (in German). 1.FC Normannia Gmünd. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^ Lange, Bettina (1996). "Gehlen, Arnold". In Brown, Stuart; Collinson, Diané; Wilkinson, Robert (eds.). Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers. London and New York: Routledge Reference. pp. 269–270. ISBN 0-415-06043-5. Retrieved 15 December 2021 – via Google Books.
^ Clarke, Nicholas (1992). The occult roots of Nazism : secret Aryan cults and their influence on Nazi ideology: the Ariosophists of Austria and Germany, 1890-1935. New York: New York University Press. p. 188. ISBN 9780814730607.
^ "Racing legend Ernst Jakob Henne dies". BMW Motorcycle Owners of America, Inc. 24 May 2005. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
^ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (31 May 2021). "Reinhard Heydrich". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
^ Notice de personne "Weitzmann, Kurt (1904-1993)" [Person notice "Weitzmann, Kurt (1904-1993)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
^ Notice de personne "Kiesinger, Kurt Georg (1904-1988)" [Person notice "Kiesinger, Kurt Georg (1904-1988)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
^ Webb, Adrian (1998). The Longman companion to Germany since 1945. London, England: Longman. p. 268. ISBN 9781317884248.

[1] Lovis Corinth

[2] Carolyn Helen Kay, Art and the German Bourgeoisie: Alfred Lichtwark and Modern Painting in Hamburg, 1886–1914, Buffalo NY, 2002, p. 103

[3] Allain, Jean (2004). International Law in the Middle East: Closer to Power Than Justice. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-7546-2436-3.

[4] "ABOUT BAYER 04". Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fussball GmbH. Retrieved 22 January 2023.

[5] "Historie" (in German). 1.FC Normannia Gmünd. Retrieved 22 January 2023.

[6] Lange, Bettina (1996). "Gehlen, Arnold". In Brown, Stuart; Collinson, Diané; Wilkinson, Robert (eds.). Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers. London and New York: Routledge Reference. pp. 269–270. ISBN 0-415-06043-5. Retrieved 15 December 2021 – via Google Books.

[7] Clarke, Nicholas (1992). The occult roots of Nazism : secret Aryan cults and their influence on Nazi ideology: the Ariosophists of Austria and Germany, 1890-1935. New York: New York University Press. p. 188. ISBN 9780814730607.

[8] "Racing legend Ernst Jakob Henne dies". BMW Motorcycle Owners of America, Inc. 24 May 2005. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2021.

[9] Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (31 May 2021). "Reinhard Heydrich". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2022.

[10] Notice de personne "Weitzmann, Kurt (1904-1993)" [Person notice "Weitzmann, Kurt (1904-1993)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

[11] Notice de personne "Kiesinger, Kurt Georg (1904-1988)" [Person notice "Kiesinger, Kurt Georg (1904-1988)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2022.

[12] Webb, Adrian (1998). The Longman companion to Germany since 1945. London, England: Longman. p. 268. ISBN 9781317884248.

v t e Years in Germany (1871–present)
19th century	Pre-1871 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

v t e 1904 in Europe
Sovereign states	Andorra Austria-Hungary Baden Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Portugal Prussia Romania Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom
Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Cyprus Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta