Ng (Arabic letter)

Ng
ڭݣ
Usage
Writing systemArabic script
TypeAbjad
Language of originOttoman Turkish
Phonetic usage[ŋ]
Unicode codepointU+0763, U+06AD
History
Development
D46
  • Khof
    • 𐤊
      • 𐡊
          • كـ ك
            • ڭݣ
Sisters
Other
Writing directionRight-to-left
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and  , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Ng or Naf (ݣ‎ or ڭ‎) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from kāf (ك ک‎) with the addition of three dots above the letter. The letter was used in Ottoman Turkish to represent a velar /ŋ/ and is still used for /ŋ/ when writing Turkic languages.

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ݣ ـݣ ـݣـ ݣـ
Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ڭ ـڭ ـڭـ ڭـ

Usage

In Ottoman Turkish, it represented the velar /ŋ/. An example is the word däŋiz (دݣز, 'sea'). The letter is used or has been used to write /ŋ/ in:

It is also used in Moroccan Arabic for /ɡ/.

The Xiao'erjing script variant ݣ‎ is used to spell /ŋ/ in Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) and the Dungan language.

Other characters used to represent /ŋ/

Southeast Asian nga

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ڠ ـڠ ـڠـ ڠـ

This letter, derived from ghayn (غ‎), is used to represent /ŋ/ in:

Wolof ngōn

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ݝ ـݝ ـݝـ ݝـ

This letter is also derived from ghayn. Called ngōn (IPA: [ŋɔːn]), it is used in the Wolofal alphabet to represent /ŋ/ in the Wolof language.[2][3] Two variants of kāf were also used: ڭ‎ as in Turkic, and ݤ‎‎ below.

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ݤ ـݤ ـݤـ ݤـ

Tamil nga

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ـࢳ ـࢳـ ࢳـ

This letter is also derived from ghayn, with three dots inside the descender, to represent /ŋ/ in the Arwi script used for Tamil.

See also


References

  1. ^ Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.
  2. ^ Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; SIL International (12 August 2010). "Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages" (PDF). pp. 13–18, 34–37.
  3. ^ Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL. Link (Archive)
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