Étienne Oehmichen
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Étienne Œhmichen | |
|---|---|
 Étienne Œhmichen in May 1924 | |
| Born | Étienne Edmond Œhmichen 15 October 1884 |
| Died | 10 July 1955 (aged 70) |
| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | École Centrale Paris |
| Occupation | engineer |
| Known for | helicopter designer |
Étienne Edmond Œhmichen (French: [ømiʃɛn]; 15 October 1884, in Châlons-sur-Marne Châlons-en-Champagne – 10 July 1955, in Paris) was a French engineer and helicopter designer.
Biography
Œhmichen studied at École Centrale Paris. He patented the first electric stroboscope in 1917,[1] building at the same time a camera capable of shooting 1,000 frames per second.
His first successful flight with a helicopter took place on 18 February 1921. On 11 November 1922, he first flew 'Oehmichen No.2', an improved helicopter featuring small vertically mounted rotors which rotated in the opposite direction from the large lifting rotors, probably creating the first reliable flying helicopter capable of carrying a person. This work later led to the development of the tail rotor. On 14 April 1924, he broke the existing record for helicopter flight with a flight of 360 m[2] and 525 m[3] a few days later, just before being surpassed by Raúl Pateras Pescara. On 4 May 1924, he won a prize of 90,000 French Francs[4] for the first successful closed circuit helicopter flight following a triangular trajectory with a length of approximately one km, a flight which took approximately 7 minutes and 40 seconds. The same year, he made a flight with two passengers.[5]
In 1931, Œhmichen invented and tested a type of blimp he called the "Hélicostat", controlled by four movable propellers, which could hover, take off, and land without ground crew.[6]
Œhmichen was also a biologist and studied insect wing function, especially in dragonflies. He worked at the Collège de France in Paris for 30 years until his retirement.
Publications
His writing and photographs contained observations of the bird and insect flight.
- In 1920, Nos maîtres les oiseaux, étude sur le vol animal et la récupération de l'énergie dans les fluides, Dunod. (Our masters, the birds, a study on animal flight and recovering energy in fluids)
- In 1938, Il publie chez Hermann et Cie, Éditeur des Actualités Scientifiques et Industrielles (584), Mécanismes naturels et technique humaine, Exposés publiés sous sa direction "La sécurité aérienne animaux et machines" La fin du livre est illustrée de l'appareil n°1.
- Archive is available at Collège de France.[7]
References
- ^ (in French) Les grands Centraux : Étienne Œhmichen (1884-1955] - Centrale-Histoire - École centrale Paris
- ^ "FAI Record ID #13093 - Straight distance. Class E former G (Helicopters), piston Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 21 September 2014.
- ^ "FAI Record ID #13095 - Straight distance. Class E former G (Helicopters), piston " Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 21 September 2014.
- ^ John M. Seddon et Simon Newman, Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics, John Wiley and Sons, 2011, page 4
- ^ Étienne Oehmichen Flying Machine - Flickr
- ^ "Helicopter Inventor Designs One Man Blimp", November 1931, Popular Science
- ^ (in French) Œhmichen, Étienne (1884-1955) Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine - Institut Mémoires de l'édition contemporaine (IMEC)
External links
- Oehmichen helicopter in Flight magazine 1921
- Oehmichen and his helicopter mentioned in Flight 1924